MATH

• Pupil of the Egyptians and Chaldeans: Thales
• Coined mathematics and philosophy: Pythagoras
• Pythagoras described mathematics as the Love of Wisdom
• Pythagoras stated "All is number"
• First True Mathematician: Thales
• Pythagoras is known for:

  • Construction of Regular Solids
  • Theory of Proportional
• Two Chief Systems in Greece:

  • Attic (Herodianic)
  • Ionian (Alphabetic)
• Anaxagoras:

  • Imprisoned in Athens for impiety
  • Teacher of Pericles
• Father of the Sophists: Protagoras
• Paradoxes of Zeno include:

  • Dichotomy
  • Achilles
  • Arrow
  • Stade
• Zeno proved the inconsistency of multiplicity and divisibility
• Democritus is known for the Materialistic Atomic Doctrine
• Plato is known as the Maker of Mathematicians
• Plato's Academy motto: "Let no one ignorant of geometry enter here"
• Eudoxus:

  • Theory of Proportion
  • Method of Exhaustion
  • Father of Scientific Astronomy
• Menaechmus discovered curves such as ellipse, parabola, hyperbola
• Euclid wrote "The Elements" which includes:

  • Book 1: Congruence of Triangles and Construction by Straight-edge and Compass
  • Book 2: Geometric Algebra
  • Book 3 and 4: Geometry of the Circle
• Archimedes:

  • Invented ingenious war machines
  • Famous exclamation "Eureka!"
  • Claimed he could move the earth with a long enough lever and fulcrum
  • Claimed he could write a number greater than the grains of sand in the universe
  • Computed perimeters of polygons by doubling sides to 96
  • Father of Mathematical Physics
  • Wrote "The Sand-Reckoner"
• Apollonius of Perge wrote "Treatise on Conics" and had five lost works
• Hipparchus is known as the Father of Trigonometry
• Menelaus:

  • Spherical Triangles
  • Wrote "Sphaerica"
• Ptolemy wrote "Almagest" and achieved accurate representations of planetary motions
• Diophantus:

  • Riddle (Epitaph)
  • Father of Algebra
  • Wrote "Arithmetica"
• Pappus of Alexandria:

  • Wrote "Mathematical Collection"
  • Known for the Sagacity of Bees
• Ancient and Medieval Chinese used the Rod Numeral System and centesimal instead of decimal
• Zhoubi Suanjing is the oldest of the Mathematical Classics in China
• Jiuzhang Suanshu or Nine Chapters of Mathematical Art is the most influential Chinese mathematical book
• Abacus is a device used for counting
• Liu Hui was a Chinese mathematician who derived Pi using regular polygons
• Yang Hui is known for Magic Squares
• Apastamba knew that the diagonal of a rectangle is equal to the sum of the squares on two adjacent sides
• Siddhantas is known as the Indian "Age of Astronomy"
• Aryabhata wrote the descriptive work "Aryabhatiya"
• Sulbasutras contain the Rules of the Cord in Indian mathematics
• Brahmagupta:

  • Mentioned two values of Pi
  • Found gross areas of triangles
  • Gave an equivalent of the Law of Sines
  • Asserted that 0 / 0 is zero
  • First to give a general solution of the linear Diophantine Equation
• Bhaskara was a leading mathematician in the 12th century
• Gilles Persone de Roberval made the first sketch of half of a sine curve in 1635
• Girard Desargues:

  • Projective Geometry
  • Called a conic section as "coup de rouleau"
  • Introduced Involution
• Blaise Pascal:

  • Connected the study of probability with the arithmetic triangle
  • Known for the invention of the Pascaline adding machine
  • Found areas, volumes, and centers of gravity associated with a cycloid
• Phillip de Lahire:

  • Disciple of Desargues
  • Invented the term 'origin' in analytic geometry
  • Made a first real step toward solid analytic geometry