Jude

• Science and Technology and Society is an interdisciplinary course designed to

  examine the ways that science and technology shape, and are shaped by, our society,

  politics, and culture
• Science is an evolving body of knowledge that is based on theoretical expositions

  and experimental and empirical activities that generates universal truths
• Technology is the application of science and creation of systems, processes and

  objects designed to help humans in their daily activities.
• The role of science and technology alters the way people live, connect, communicate, and transact, with profound effects on economic development
• Science during ancient times involved practical arts like healing practices

  and metal tradition.
• Imhotep was renowned for his knowledge of medicine.
• Most historians agree that

  the heart of Egyptian medicine was trial and error.
• The papyrus is an ancient form of paper, made from the papyrus plant,

  a reed which grows in the marshy areas around the Nile river.
• Society

  sum total of our interactions as humans,

  including the interactions that we engage in to understand the nature of things and to create things

  group of individuals involved in persistent social interaction, or a large social group sharing the same geographical or social territory, typically subject to the same political authority and dominant cultural expectations
• Science, technology and society

  important to the public because it helps address

  issues and problems that are of concern to

  the general population
• The idea to count years from the birth of

  Jesus Christ was first proposed in the year

  525 by Dionysius Exiguus, a Christian monk.

  Standardized under the Julian and Gregorian

  calendars, the system spread throughout

  Europe and the Christian world during the

  centuries that followed
• AD stands for Anno Domini, Latin for “in

  the year of the Lord”
• BC stands for “before Christ”
• CE stands for “common (or current) era”
• BCE stands for “before the common

  (or current) era”
• Imhotep was an Egyptian chancellor to the Pharaoh

  Djoser, possible architect of Djoser's step pyramid, and

  high priest of the sun god Ra at Heliopolis. Very little is

  known of Imhotep as a historical figure, but in the 3,000

  years following his death, he was gradually glorified and

  deified.
• Before papyrus, Egyptians, Sumerians, and

  other races wrote on clay tablets or

  smooth rocks.
• Clay tablets or smooth rocks are time- consuming process and products were not easy to store or transport
• Papyrus paper was easy to write on and store and easy to roll into scrolls
• Mesopotamians - making pottery

  using the first known potter’s wheel.
• horse-drawn chariots - being used
• As early as 1,000 years before Christ,

  Chinese were using compasses to

  aid themselves in their travels
• ANCIENT MESOPOTAMIA - place where

  man’s bewilderment and scientific view

  of the globe started
• MESOPOTAMIA (from the Greek, meaning

  'between two rivers') - an ancient region located

  in the eastern Mediterranean bounded in the

  northeast by the Zagros Mountains and in the

  southeast by the Arabian Plateau, corresponding to

  today's IRAQ, mostly, but also parts of

  modern-day Iran, Syria and Turkey.
• Ancient Greeks - early thinkers

  - first true scientists
• Classical antiquity - classical era, classical period or classical age
• Classical antiquity - the period of cultural history between the 8th

  century BC and the 5th century AD centered on

  the Mediterranean Sea, comprising the

  interlocking civilizations of ancient Greece and

  ancient Rome known as the Greco-Roman

  world
• Antiquities - things such as buildings, statues,

  or coins that were made in ancient times and

  have survived to the present day.
• Scientific thought in Classical Antiquity becomes

  tangible from the 6th

  century BC in pre- Socratic philosophy

  1.Thales

  2. Pythagoras
• In circa 385 BC- Plato founded the Academy
• Aristotle- Plato’s student , begins the

  "scientific revolution" of the Hellenistic period

  culminating in the 3rd to 2nd centuries

  with scholars:

  1. Eratosthenes

  2. Euclid

  3. Archimedes
• PARTHENON - one of the most recognizable

  symbols of the classical era, exemplifying

  ancient Greek culture.
• COLOSSEUM- a prominent symbol of

  the Roman classical era and culture
• Four Great Inventions

  1. compass

  2. gunpowder

  3. papermaking

  4. printing
• Significant scientific innovations, findings and

  technological advances

  1. natural sciences

  2. engineering

  3. medicine

  4. military technology

  5. mathematics

  6. geology

  7. astronomy
• Karl Marx - A German philosopher, Father of Scientific Socialism and Marx the Prophet
• Gunpowder - blew up the knightly class
• Compass - discovered the world market and found the colonies
• Printing Press - instrument of Protestantism and the

  regeneration of science in general;

  the most powerful lever for

  creating the intellectual prerequisites
• 14th century - beginning of the cultural movement of the

  Renaissance

  - "Golden Age of Science"