Population Studies

• FFOE: pinky


  Population can shrink - small population
• FFOE: ring


  Frequency may change if certain mates are chosen - non-random mating
• FFOE: middle


  Mutations can cause frequency
• FFOE: pointer/index


  If there is a gene flow, frequency can change
• FFOE: thumb


  Adaptation
• Five fingers of evolution

  The 5 fingers of evolution are factors that affect frequency.
• population genetics


  if an organism has traits that are not suited to its environment, then it is unable to survive and reproduce
• allele frequency


  percentage of an allele in a population
• genetic equilibrium


  alleles remain the same over generations (no evolution)
• gene flow


  movement of individuals in and out of a population (immigration and emigration)
• genetic drift


  the loss of genetic variation due to a chance event (most likely to occur in small populations)
• bottleneck effect


  type of genetic drift; due to a catastrophic event and results in reduction of genetic variation
• founder effect 


  type of genetic drift; few members of a population re-populate
• greater biodiversity = greater stability
• geographic isolation


  cause of speciation; a physical barrier divides a population
• reproductive isolation


  cause of speciation; formerly interbreeding organisms can no longer mate and produce fertile offspring
• gene pool


  A gene pool refers to the combination of all the genes (including alleles) present in a reproducing population or species.