Science

• Volcanoes are natural openings in the earth's surface where molten rocks, smoke, gases, and ashes are ejected
• Mayon Volcano in Albay, Philippines, is one of the world's most active volcanoes with a perfect cone shape
• Volcanoes have three basic parts: the base, the slope, and the summit where the crater or opening is located
• A crater is a funnel-shaped depression at the top of a volcano formed as a result of an explosive eruption
• The volcano in Batangas, Philippines, has 47 craters formed when a part of the wall collapses following an explosive eruption
• A caldera is a volcanic crater formed when the magma chamber beneath the volcano empties due to a large volcanic eruption
• Magma is a hot fluid or semi-fluid material below or within the earth's crust, made from molten rocks
• When magma is ejected out of a volcano, it is called lava, which means "to slide" in Italian
• Volcanoes can be classified according to shape: shield volcano, cinder cone volcano, and composite volcano
• Shield volcano is formed by the accumulation of lava, creating a broad, slightly domed structure like a warrior's shield
• Cinder cone volcano is built from adhesive lava fragments, with a steep slope and wide crater, also known as scoria cone
• Composite volcano, also known as stratovolcano, is a large structure formed from the solidification of lava and pyroclastic deposits
• The composition of magma differs at each type of plate boundary, leading to different types of volcanoes
• Types of volcanic eruption include: phreatic, phreatomagmatic, strombolian, vulcanian, and plinian
• An active volcano has a record of eruption, while an inactive volcano shows no activity or record of eruption
• Volcanoes play a crucial role in sustaining life on Earth by keeping it warm and wet, essential for life to thrive
• Volcanoes are natural openings in the Earth's surface where molten rocks, smoke, gases, and ashes are ejected
• Crater:

  • A funnel-shaped depression opening at the top of a volcano
• Caldera:

  • Formed when a part of the wall collapses
• Magma is a hot fluid or semi-fluid material below or within the Earth's crust, usually made from molten rocks
• Lava is hot molten or semifluid rock erupted from a volcano
• Shield volcano:

  • A broad, slightly domed structure that resembles a warrior's shield is formed
• Cinder cone volcano:

  • Built from ejected lava fragments, also known as scoria cone
• Composite volcano:

  • A large, nearly perfect sloped structure formed by the alternate solidification of both lava and pyroclastic deposits, also known as stratovolcano
• Phreatic or hydrothermal:

  • A steam-driven eruption as hot rocks come in contact with water
• Phreatogmatic:

  • A violent eruption due to the contact between water and magma
• Strombolian:

  • Periodic weak to violent eruption characterized by fountain lava
• Vulcanian:

  • Tall eruption columns that reach up to 20 km high with pyroclastic
• Plinian:

  • An excessively explosive type of eruption of gas and pyroclastic
• Viscosity is the property of the material's resistance to flow