Inherited diseases(biology)

• What is the structure of DNA?

  Double helix
• What is DNA made up of?

  A polymer made up of nucleotides
• Which nitrogenous bases pair together in DNA?

  A pairs with T and C pairs with G
• What does the order of bases in DNA provide?

  The genetic code
• What is a triplet code?

  Three bases code for one amino acid
• Why is the order of bases important?

  To ensure the correct protein is formed
• What can mutations do to the triplet code?

  Change the triplet code and the amino acid
• What defines a species?

  A group of organisms that can reproduce
• What is interspecific variation?

  Differences between different species
• What is intraspecific variation?

  Differences between organisms of the same species
• What is continuous variation?

  Variation across a range of values
• What is discontinuous variation?

  Variation that can be sorted into groups
• What causes genetic variation?

  Random mutations in DNA and meiosis
• What causes environmental variation?

  Differences caused by diet and exposure
• Who is Gregor Mendel?

  Studied inheritance in pea plants
• What did Gregor Mendel study in pea plants?

  Colour of flowers
• What is a gene?

  A section of a chromosome that codes for a protein
• What is an allele?

  An alternative form of the same gene
• What is a recessive allele?

  Two copies required for the feature to express
• What is a dominant allele?

  Only one copy required for the feature to express
• What does homozygous mean?

  Two copies of the same allele
• What does heterozygous mean?

  A copy of each type of allele
• What is genotype?

  The two alleles a person possesses
• What is phenotype?

  The physical characteristics expressed
• What is a Punnett square used for?

  To determine the probability of genotypes
• What are the characteristics of inheritance?

  • Most characteristics result from multiple genes
  • Interaction of multiple genes influences traits
• What is the probability in a Punnett square?

  Likelihood of something happening
• How is probability recorded in Punnett squares?

  As a fraction or decimal
• What is cystic fibrosis?

  Affects the cell membrane of respiratory cells
• What causes cystic fibrosis?

  Caused by a recessive allele (cc)
• What are the symptoms of cystic fibrosis?

  Excessive thick mucus formation
• What is polydactyly?

  Inheritance of extra fingers and toes
• What causes polydactyly?

  Caused by a dominant allele (Pp or PP)
• What is the genetic basis of polydactyly?

  Dominant allele inheritance
• What is the definition of probability?

  The likelihood of something happening
• How is probability represented in Punnett squares?

  As chances like 1 in 4 or 0.25
• What is cystic fibrosis caused by?

  A recessive allele (cc)
• What are the effects of cystic fibrosis?

  Causes thick mucus, breathing issues, and infections
• What is polydactyly caused by?

  A dominant allele (Pp or PP)
• What does polydactyly result in?

  Inheritance of extra fingers and toes