Common Atmospheric Phenomena

• When air is heated, it rises because warm air is less dense
• Surrounding air moves towards the rising warm air, creating wind
• Sea Breeze (Daytime):

  • Occurs when warm air over land rises, drawing cooler air from the sea towards the land
• Land Breeze (Nighttime):

  • Happens when warm air over the sea rises, pulling cooler air from the land towards the sea
• Monsoon:

  • Seasons of strong winds and heavy rain due to temperature differences between land and sea
  • Winds move from high-pressure areas (where cold air sinks) to low-pressure areas (where warm air rises)
  • In the Philippines, Amihan brings cold, dry winds from Siberia, while Habagat brings warm, humid winds from the southwest
• ITCZ (Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone):

  • Occurs near the equator where trade winds from the northern and southern hemispheres converge
  • Warm and humid air rises, resulting in heavy rainfall
• Amihan is a wind system known as the Northeast monsoon in the Philippines
• Amihan occurs from December to February
• Amihan brings cold and dry winds to the Philippines
• The winds of Amihan originate from Siberia, which experiences a high-pressure area during this time
• Cold air from Siberia moves away from the high-pressure area and heads towards regions where warm air is rising
• As it travels, the cold air picks up moisture as it passes over the Pacific Ocean
• When Amihan reaches the Philippines, it brings light rain primarily to the eastern part of the country
• A low-pressure area is the region where warm air is rising
• in low preasure area, air moves in a counterclockwise direction towards the center of the low-pressure system
• Low-pressure areas typically bring unsettled weather, with clouds, rain, and storms
• A high-pressure area is the region where cold air is sinking
• in high preasure area, air moves in a clockwise direction away from the center of the high-pressure system
• High-pressure areas usually result in fair weather, with clear skies and little to no precipitation
• Habagat is a wind system known as the Southeast monsoon in the Philippines
• Habagat occurs from June to September
• Habagat brings warm and humid winds to the Philippines
• Habagat occurs when warm moist air flows over the country from the southwest direction
• The wind of Habagat moves from a high-pressure area in Australia to a low-pressure area in Asia
• As it travels, the wind passes over the warm waters of the Indian Ocean and South China Sea before reaching the Philippines
• Habagat primarily brings rain to the western part of the Philippines
• Earth directly receives sun from the equator, which makes the air warmer
• Warm air will rise
• Sea breeze (daytime):

  • Develops due to the temperature difference between land and sea
  • Wind blows from the sea towards the land
  • During the morning, the land heats up faster than the sea
  • Warmer air over the land expands and rises, creating an area of low pressure
  • Cooler air over the sea is denser and tends to sink, creating an area of high pressure
  • Air from the sea moves towards the land to replace the rising warm air, resulting in a sea breeze
• Land breeze (nighttime):

  • Develops due to the temperature difference between land and sea
  • Wind blows from the land towards the sea
  • During the night, the land cools faster than the sea
  • Water has a higher heat capacity than land, so it retains warmth longer
  • Warmer air over the sea expands and rises, creating an area of low pressure
  • Cooler air over the land is denser and tends to sink, creating an area of high pressure
  • Air from the land moves towards the sea to replace the rising warm air, resulting in a land breeze