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• India is located in South Asia and is the seventh-largest country in terms of area
• India is surrounded by three bodies of water:

  • Arabian Sea in the west
  • Bengal Bay in the east
  • Indian Sea in the south
• Countries that surround India include:

  • Pakistan
  • Nepal
  • China
  • Myanmar
  • Bangladesh
  • Sri Lanka
• Himalayan mountain ranges are located in India, which is the world's highest mountain range where Mt. Everest is also located
• Thar Desert is India's only desert and is the 17th largest in the world, covering an area of 200,000 square kilometers
• Indus civilization originally inhabited India from 2600 to 2000 BCE and was highly sophisticated and urbanized
• Hinduism is the dominant religion in India, teaching that basic human nature is tied to the soul and that the spirit of God is in everything we see, uniting everything with God
• Buddhism also started in India and forms a minority concentrated near the Chinese border, while Islam and Christianity were brought by other civilizations and countries that occupied India
• Sangeet is the basis of Indian music, combining vocal music, instrumental music, and dance
• Indian music is built on two concepts:

  • Rag: the melodic form of Indian music, similar to scales and modes in Western music
  • Thal: the rhythmic form revolving around repeated beat patterns and cycles called "avartan" composed of beats called "matra"
• In Indian music, there are two forms:

  • North Indian tradition called Hindustani Sangeet
  • South Indian tradition called Carnatic Sangeet
• The most important notes in the rag are vadi and samavadi