The Cell

• smallest unit part of the body

  cell
• cells > tissue > organelles > ?

  organs
• large structure enclosed within a double membrane, contains chromatic, nucleolus, and nucleoplasm

  nucleus
• houses the DNA that serves as the genetic material for directing protein synthesis 


  nucleus
• large prominent structure within the nucleus that is for synthesis of ribosomes

  nucleolus
• separates nucleus from cytoplasm

  nuclear envelope
• responsible for many cellular process

  cytoplasm
• provides support for organelles; serves as the viscous medium fluid thru which diffusion occurs

  cytosol
• carry out specific metabolic activities of the cell


  organelles
• consist of a network of membranous tubeles and sacs called cisternae

  endoplasmic reticulum
• synthesis of secretory proteins, cell membrane protein and organelles protein; has ribosomes

  Rough ER
• synthesis of lipid; store calcium; glycogen metabolism in the liver cell; does not have ribosomes

  Smooth ER
• major sites for carbohydrate synthesis

  golgi apparatus
• consist of flattened membranous sacs

  cisternae
• receiving site of the golgi apparatus

  cis face
• products shipped by golgi apparatus

  proteins & vacuoles
• principal site of intracellular digestion

  lysosome
• process in which cell can recycle its own organic material

  authophagy
• double membrane bound organelles containing a circular strand of DNA

  mitochondria
• mitohondria synthesize most ATP during

  aerobic cellular respiration
• composed of both protein and ribosomal RNA


  ribosomes
• produce protein that are secreted, incorporated into plasma membrane, and within lysosomes

  bound ribosome
• produce protein used within the cell

  free ribosome
• smaller, spherical shaped membrane bound organelles formed from the ER or thru fission contain oxidative enzymes


  perixosomes
• organized network of protein filaments and hollow tubules

  cytoskeleton
• participates in mitosis spindle formation during cell division


  centrosome
• composed of 9 sets of triplet micro tubeless arranged in a ring

  centrioles
• physical barrier to enclose cell contents

  plasma membrane
• provide locomotion for the cell


  flagella
• move substances over the cell surface

  cilia
• increase membrane surface area for greater absorption

  microvili
• only the ___ phase can be viewed under the light microscope

  mitotic
• period in which cells accumulate the enzymes and nucleotides

  G1
• period devoted primarily to DNA replication

  S
• short period of preparation for mitosis

  G2
• the nucleus disappears and replicated chromatic condenses into discrete thread like chromosome

  prophase
• chromosomes condense further and large protein complexes called

  kinetochores
• the cells is now more spherical and micro tubeless move the chromosomes into alignment at the equatorial plate

  metaphase
• sister chromatic separates and move toward opposite spindle poles by a combination of microtubule motor proteins


  anaphase
• two sets of chromosomes are at the spindle poles and begin reverting to their uncondensed state

  telophase