pathogens

• Viruses are microscopic infectious agents that can only replicate inside the cells of a living organism.
• bacteria virus fungi protozoa prion and parasites helminth and ectoparasites
• bacteria virus fungi protozoa prion and parasites helminth and ectoparasites
• bacteria has different shapes such as a rod, a ball, a curve/cork screw
• Bacteria produces a toxin that poisons and harms the host's body
• symptoms of bacteria includes, coughing, vomitting, fever, diarrhoea and skin rashes
• prevent bacteria by having strict hygiene especially with food or surgical/dental instruments
• use antibiotics to treat bacteria
• Examples of bacterial infections are

  cholera, impetigo, typhoid, whooping

  cough and food poisoning.
• Viruses are much smaller and simpler than bacteria and come in a

  variety of shapes: some look like rods or spheres, others have quite

  complex geometric shapes.
• Viruses invade the body cells of the host and then take control of the

  cell. As a result the body cells can no longer perform their normal

  functions and instead help the virus to reproduce.
• Symptoms of viruses range from fevers and pain in limbs, to

  coughing and skin rashes.
• Viruses are difficult to get rid of, because

  they are not separate living things. Therefore antibiotics are no use

  against them.
• when infected by a virus, the body needs to rest so it can fight the

  disease by itself.
• Using Prevention against viruses is much better and immunisation is

  successful against most viral diseases.
• examples of viruses diseases include measles, flu,

  polio, cold sores, HIV/AIDS and chicken pox.
• Fungi are multicelled, plant-like organisms that contain no roots,

  stems or leaves.
• Fungis are parasitic organisms release digestive

  enzymes into their food and digest it externally. They absorb the

  food molecules that result from the external digestion. They obtain

  their food from other living or non-living things.
• Symptoms of fungal

  infections can include red, itchy, scaly patches on feet, arms, scalp,

  or armpits.
• Treatments include antibiotic or topical

  creams/powders.
• Examples of fungal diseases include tinea, ringworm, and thrush.
• Protozoa are unicellular organisms, like bacteria. But they are bigger

  than bacteria and contain a nucleus and other cell structures, making them more similar to plant and animal cells. They can be either free-

  living or parasitic in nature
• Protozoa love moisture, so intestinal infections and other diseases

  they cause, such as amebiasis and giardiasis, often spread through

  contaminated water.
• Some protozoa are parasites, which means

  that they need to live on or in another organism (like an animal or

  plant) to survive.
• Some

  protozoa are encapsulated in cysts, which help them live outside the

  human body and in harsh environments for long periods of time.
• Symptoms of protozoa diseases can include diarrhoea, fever,

  headache, and nausea.
• Treatments for protozoa diseases rely on

  antiprotozoal drugs that are specific to the type of protozoan

  infection
• Antibiotics do not work on protozoa.
• Examples of protozoa diseases include

  African sleeping sickness and Chagas

  disease.
• A parasite is an organism that lives on or in a host organism and gets its food

  from or at the expense of its host.
• There are three main classes of parasites

  that can cause disease in humans: protozoa, helminths, and ectoparasites.
• Helminths are large, multicellular organisms that are generally visible to the naked eye

  in their adult stages.
• helminths can be either free-living or parasitic in

  nature.
• There are three main

  groups of helminths that are human parasites:

  Flatworms – these include the flukes and tapeworms.

  Thorny-headed worms – the adult forms of these worms reside in

  the gastrointestinal tract.

  Roundworms – the adult forms of these worms can reside in

  the gastrointestinal tract, blood, lymphatic system or subcutaneous tissues.
• ectoparasites is generally used more narrowly to refer to organisms

  such as ticks, fleas, lice, and mites that attach or burrow into the skin

  and remain there for relatively long periods of time
• Symptoms of parasitic infections caused by helminths and ectoparasites can include

  pain, itchiness, weight loss, diarrhoea and/or anaemia.
• Treatments include specific types

  of drugs depending on the type of organism causing the infection, good hygiene,

  cleanliness in house and clothes.
• Prion diseases comprise several

  conditions. A prion is a type of protein that

  can trigger normal prion proteins in the

  brain to fold abnormally, causing brain

  damage.
• prion diseases often leads to fatal cases
• Prion diseases can affect both

  humans and animals and are sometimes spread to humans by infected meat products