The European Enlightenment

• The hypothetico- deductive method and democratizing knowledge
• Aristotelian Worldview (16th-17th century)

  View of Reality

  • Hierarchical: Great Chain of Being

  Methodology

  • Empiricism, observation

  Role of God

  • Integral to the natural order
• Cartesian Worldview (mid-17th century)

  View of Reality

  • Mechanistic: Universe as a Machine

  Methodology

  • Hypothetico- deductive reasoning

  Role of God

  • God as the creator and sustainer of laws
• View of Reality

  ARISTOTLE

  • Great chain of being

  RENE DESCARTES

  • Universe as a Machine: Everything happens in nature in a mathematical way
• Aristotle's Method of Learning:

  Empiricism

  • Sight
  • Hearing
  • Taste
  • Touch
  • Smell
• Rene Descartes' Method of Learning:

  Hypithetico-deductive reasoning

  • Observation (literature)
  • Formulate hypothesis
  • Prediction (design)
  • Test (data collection and analysis)
  • Evaluate (present)