general biology II
Cards (36)
- ___ carries the instructions for assembling a variety of proteins responsible a variety of structures
- Every human body cell contains how many pairs of chromosomes?
- A ____ is a distinct portion of DNA responsible for an inherited trait
- In genetic material found inside the nucleus (________) is expressed as an observable characteristic (_________)
- It is the process where a duplicate of DNA strand is made
- It is a process where an RNA copy (called mRNA) of the gene is made. (The copy is from a DNA template)
- Decoding of a mRNA message into a polypeptide chain protein
- The mRNA bases form a three-letter base combination triplet called
- One codon corresponds to one amino acid, the basic building block of
- The hereditary instructions are transcribed from DNA to RNA, which is then translated into proteins
- The process of using plants or animals with desirable traits to reproduce offspring with specific traits. It aims to adapt an organism's characteristics in a way that is desirable to the humans that breed them.
- The process of crossing plants or animals with different variations of of the same trait to create an organism with the best trait
- Allows specific gene from organism to be transferred into the DNA of another organism
- (also called genetic modification) is a process that uses laboratory-based technologies to alter the DNA makeup of organism
- ___________ ___ technology involves using enzymes and various laboratory techniques to manipulate and isolate DNA segments of interest. This method can be used to combine (or splice) DNA from different species or to create genes with new functions.
- The _____ step is to clone millions of copies of a single desirable piece of DNA
- Through _______ ___________, humans have produced plants that are resistant to pests and to drought; fruits and vegetables with improved taste, texture, size, and color, and grains with improved protein contents
- Advantage of genetically modified plants
- A genetically modified tomato, was the first commercially grown genetically engineered food to be granted a license for human consumption
- a __________________ is one whose genetic material has been altered by adding, changing or removing certain DNA sequences in a way that does not occur naturally. This process is carried out to introduce a new trait or change a characteristic such as the disease resistance of an animal.
- A __________ ______ is one whose genome has been changed to carry genes from another species or to use techniques for animal genome editing for specific traits. Animal features can be changed by purposefully altering the gene (a genes). A mouse was the first successful transgenic animal.
- A technique known as ____ ________ make use transgenic animals to produce pharmaceutical products for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes.
- is a technique scientists use to make exact genetic copies of living things
- Another application of genetic engineering which is the use of animal organs instead of human organs in transplant patients
- Have been genetically modified so they are toxic to certain insects. They are often called Bt crops because the introduced genes were originally identified in a bacterial species called Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)
- (HRC) Have been available since the mid-1980's; these crops enable effective chemical control of weeds, since only the HEC plants can survive in fields treated with the corresponding herbicide
- Is a powerful herbicide that kills actively growing plants
- What does DNA means
- DNA is cut with
- Connecting with (or acts like a glue)
- One goal of this technique is cloning a particular gene for analysis or mass production of a medically useful protein product
- They are often called Bt crops
- Bt means