3RD (QUIZ 3.1)

• The Pacific Ring of Fire is an area characterized by a frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions.
• The mantle is composed of dense but malleable rocks in the upper layer, and denser but solid rocks in the lower layer.
• Subduction can be defined when tectonic plates can move toward each other, drift away, or override each other.
• A semi-molten rock is called magma, which tries to escape upward through spaces between plates toward cooler areas on the crust.
• Once the magma reaches the crust, it is called lava that flows over the surface, building layer upon layer until a volcano is formed.
• A volcano is an elevated landform with an opening at the top called crater.
• The crater is where lava and other rock fragments, steam, gases, ash, heat, and other volcanic materials are ejected.
• The basic parts of a volcano is fissure, conduit, vent, crater, flank, and magma chamber/reservoir.
• Fissure is an elongated fracture or crack on Earth's crust from which lava erupts.
• Conduit is the passageway through which magma travels to reach Earth's surface.
• Vent is the opening where volcanic materials are realeased,
• Crater is the bowl-shaped depression at the top of the volcano where the vent is located.
• Flank is the sides of the volcano.
• Magma Chamber/reservoir is the underground compartment where the magma is stored.
• The 3 major types of volcano are stratovolcano, shield volcano, and cinder cone or scoria cone.
• A stratovolcano is formed by highly viscous or thick, slow-moving lava. These are the most dangerous volcanoes.
• Composite volcanoes may have been formed from multiple eruptions thousands of years apart, layered lava and volcanic materials, or composites of more than one vent.
• A shield volcano is formed by loose and fluid lava that flows over each other. This is usually low and broad, resembling a warrior's armored shield or a gigantic bob.
• A cinder cone, also known as scoria cone, is formed by fluid lava that is ejected because of high pressure that builds up in the magma chamber.
• The other associated volcano landforms are caldera complex, lava dome, submarine, and glacial volcanoes.
• A caldera is a depression formed at the summit of shield volcanoes.
• Lava domes are mounds of lava formed after a volcanic eruption.
• Submarine volcanoes are volcanoes on the ocean floor and are formed through collision of oceanic plates.
• Glacial volcanoes are volcanoes that are overlain by glaciers.
• Mantle is a region located beneath the crust of Earth.
• Volcanoes are sources of Geothermal energy.
• Dr. Arturo Pineda Alcaraz is the father of geothermal energy.