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Chemistry
Paper 1
Properties of covalent structures
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Cards (21)
What type of bond do non-metals form by sharing electrons?
Covalent
bonds
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What is the result of non-metals joining by covalent bonds?
Atoms have full
outer shells
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What are small molecules formed by non-metals called?
Simple molecular substances
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What is a key property of covalent bonds?
They are very
strong
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What must happen to break covalent bonds in simple molecular substances?
A lot of
energy
is needed
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What forces need to be broken to melt or boil chlorine?
Weak
intermolecular
forces
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At what temperature does chlorine boil?
-34
degrees Celsius
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How do intermolecular forces affect boiling points?
More
forces mean
higher
boiling points
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What is the boiling point of bromine?
59 degrees Celsius
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What is the boiling point of iodine?
184 degrees Celsius
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Why do simple molecular substances not conduct electricity?
They have no
free electrons
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What are giant covalent structures made of?
Huge numbers of
non-metal
atoms
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How are atoms arranged in giant covalent structures?
In regular
repeating
lattices
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What is silicon dioxide also known as?
Silica
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What is the ratio of silicon to oxygen in silicon dioxide?
1 to 2
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What is a key property of giant covalent structures?
They have high
melting
and
boiling points
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Why do giant covalent structures not conduct electricity?
They don't contain
charged particles
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What is an exception to the conductivity of giant covalent structures?
Graphite
conducts electricity
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What are the main components of silicon dioxide?
Silicon and oxygen
atoms
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What are the differences between simple molecular substances and giant covalent structures?
Simple molecular substances:
Small molecules
Weak
intermolecular
forces
Low melting and boiling points
Do not conduct electricity
Giant covalent structures:
Large
networks
of atoms
Strong covalent bonds
High melting and boiling points
Generally do not conduct electricity
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What is the key takeaway regarding simple molecular substances and giant covalent structures?
Simple molecules are
weakly bonded
; giants are
strong
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