IMSE-Introduction

• Immunogen


  Induces an immune response.
• Variolation


  Exposing an individual to material from smallpox lesions.
• Edward Jenner


  Scientist who discovered the relationship between exposure to cowpox and immunity to cowpox.
• Vaccination


  Procedure of injecting cellular material.
• Cross-immunity


  Exposure of one agent produces protection against another agent.
• Louis Pasteur


  Scientist who worked with the bacteria that caused chicken cholera. Father of immunology.
• Attenuated Vaccine


  Less virulent organism is used.
• Processes to lessen virulence in an organism:

  • Heating
  • Aging
  • Chemical means
• Scientist: Jenner


  Smallpox vaccination
• Scientist: Haeckel


  Phagocytosis
• Scientist: Pasteur


  Live, attenuated chicken cholera and anthrax vaccine.
• Scientist: Metchnikoff


  Cellular theory of immunity through phagocytosis
• Scientist: Pasteur


  Therapeutic vaccination
• Scientist: Von Behring, Kitasita


  Proposed Humoral theory of immunity.
• Scientist: Robert Koch


  Delayed type of immunity.
• Scientist: Erlich


  Antibody formation theory
• Scientist: Porteir, Richet


  Immediate-hypersensitivity anaphylaxis
• Scientist: Arthus


  Arthus Reaction of intermediate hypersensitivity
• Scientist: Marrack


  Hypothesis of antigen-antibody binding
• Scientist: Salk, Sabin


  Development of polio vaccine
• Scientist: Reed


  Vaccine against yellow fever
• Scientist: Burnet


  Clonal selection theory
• Date: 1958-1962


  HLA
• Date: 1964-1968


  T-cell and B-cell cooperation in immune response
• Date: 1972


  Identification of antibody molecule
• Scientist: Kohler


  First monoclonal antibodies
• Date: 1985-1987


  Identification of genes for T-cells receptor
• Date: 1986


  Monoclonal Hepatitis B vaccine
• Scientist: Mosmann


  Th1 versus Th2 model of T-helper cells function.
• Date: 1996-1998


  Identification of toll-like receptors.
• Date: 2001


  FOCP3
• FOCP3


  The gene directing regulatory T-cell development.
• Scientist: Frazer


  Development of human Papilloma virus vaccine.
• Two types of Polio Vaccine:

  • Intravenous vaccine or inactivated dead viral vaccine
  • Oral or attenuated vaccine
• Scientist: Salk


  Inactivated dead viral vaccine.
• Examples of inactivated dead viral vaccine:

  • Cholera
  • Typhoid
• Scientist: Sabin


  Attenuated vaccine
• Human Leukocyte Antigen


  HLA
• Major Histocompatibility Complex


  MHC
• T-cells


  Differentiate within the thymus.