module 13

• is a dynamic process of determining goals,

  systematically selecting alternative courses of actions

  to achieve those goals, implementing the chosen

  alternatives, and evaluating the choice to determine

  if it is successful.

  Planning
• Reason for tourism planning

  Tourism planning is greatly needed.

  • The stagnation and decline of a destination or

  attraction may be due to the lack of planning or

  poor planning
• destination areas tend to

  rise and fall in popularity according to the whims

  of those in the predominant "psychographic"

  groups to which they appeal at different stages in

  their development histories.

  According to the destination life cycle concept as defined by Plog (1973),
• The following are the symptoms of inadequate or poor

  tourism planning:

  • physical impact
  • human impact
  • marketing impact
  • organization impact
  • other impact
• Planning for tourists is less difficult in developed

  countries than it is in developing ones. In developed

  countries, planning a construction of infrastructure

  facilities is a must, particularly in areas that do not

  have them.

  Tourism planning in developed countries
• Tourism is important in bringing the much-needed

  foreign currency to developing countries. Mexico and

  Spain for example have benefited very much from

  tourism.

  Tourism in Developing Countries
• For a number of countries such as Malta,

  Morocco, Tunisia, and Cyprus, tourism receipts

  contributed largely to the national income. Other

  advantages are increased employment opportunities

  and the development of infrastructure.

  Tourism in Developing Countries
• Roles and Responsibilities for Tourism Planning

  In communist countries, all planning is done by the

  national government. In democratic countries, the

  government and the private sector play a valid role

  in the tourism planning.
• Experience shows that the

  process of joint participation and close cooperation

  of the private and government sector produces the

  best results and that plans are more likely to be

  successfully implemented if the private sector is

  actively involved in the planning process.

  Roles and Responsibilities for Tourism Planning
• The Tourism Planning Process

  Planning is an ongoing process that must keep up

  with the changing character of the world and of the

  destination area. The planning procedure follows a

  step-by-step pattern.