Papillomaviridae

• Has an isohedrial T=7, genome is dsDNA, with a circular structure with histones, non-enveloped
• has multiple terminators, alternative splicing, E7 + E6 will push the cell into the s phase (actively dividing)
• the geome has 2 promoters Pearly and Plate and two terminators PolyA early and PolyA late , on one strand.

  Pearly and polyA early: will express E6 and E7

  Plate and polyA early: will express E1, E2, E4, E5

  Plate and polyA late used L1 and L2

  allowing for alternat splicing to produce multiple mRNAs
• E6 and E7 will push the cell into s phase as it doesn't have its own DNA replication machinery and relies on the host
• E7 will bind to the ribosomal subunit and displaces E2F (adenovirus E2 gene activation factor) which activates transcription genes to push into s phase

  the unusual DNA synthesis and division stabilize p53
• p53 is a tumour suppressor, activates apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the presence od DNA damage
• E6 binds with E6AP to bind p53 to target degradation