Cognitive Key Question

• What is the key question in cognitive psychology discussed?

  How can memory understanding help dementia patients?
• What is dementia characterized by?

  Memory disorder, personality change, impaired reasoning
• What are common symptoms of dementia?

  Difficulties in thinking, problem-solving, and language
• How many people in the UK have dementia?

  850,000 people
• What is the expected trend for dementia cases by 2040?

  The rate is expected to quadruple
• What is the leading cause of death in the UK?

  Dementia
• Why is dementia unique among the top 10 causes of death?

  It has no treatment or cure
• What is the total cost of dementia in the UK?

  £26.3 billion
• How can understanding dementia help carers?

  It helps them understand the patient's feelings
• What coping strategies can help dementia patients?

  Setting up prompts and focusing on short-term pleasure
• What did Tulving propose about memory types?

  Episodic and semantic memories are separate
• Where are episodic memories processed?

  In the hippocampus
• What happens to episodic memories in dementia patients?

  They can retain early episodic memories
• How can cognitive stimulation therapy help dementia patients?

  By engaging them in problem-solving tasks
• What is a strength of the research on memory processing?

  High reliability through brain imaging studies
• What is a weakness of the methodology in memory research?

  Lacks validity due to overlapping memory stores
• What does Bartlett's theory suggest about memories?

  Memories are reconstructed based on past experiences
• How should carers interact with dementia patients according to Bartlett's theory?

  Listen carefully and ask limited questions
• What can damage to semantic memories cause?

  Failure in the effect of prior knowledge
• How can prior knowledge help dementia patients?

  It may help fill in memory gaps
• What is validation therapy in dementia care?

  Residents live normal lives with support
• What did Bartlett's study on memory reveal?

  People alter stories based on schemas
• What is a weakness of Bartlett's study?

  Lacks task validity for everyday memory tasks
• What is the duration of short-term memory?

  30 seconds
• Why might dementia patients forget information?

  Due to failure to encode sufficiently
• What suggestion can help dementia patients with short-term memory?

  Writing things down as reminders
• What did Peterson and Peterson's study find about STM duration?

  80% recalled after 3 seconds, 10% after 18 seconds
• What is a weakness of Peterson and Peterson's study?

  Lacks task validity with nonsense trigrams