Individual Differences in Memory

Cards (19)

  • What is memory suggested to be due to shared processes?
    Universal
  • How do people encode and store information?
    In a linear system
  • What is the average capacity of short-term memory (STM)?
    7 +/- 2 pieces of information
  • What affects the capacity of STM according to processing speed?
    The time taken for information to process
  • How long does it take for information to enter and process using the phonological loop?
    2 seconds
  • How does dyslexia affect processing speed and STM capacity?
    It takes longer to process words
  • What did Sebastien and Hernandez Gill find about digit span in children?
    Increased from 5 to 17 years old
  • What does chunking involve in memory processing?
    Grouping connected items into single concepts
  • What did Mcdougall et al find about poor readers and memory spans?
    Lower memory spans for learning words
  • How do schemas affect memory according to reconstructive memory theory?
    They help fill in gaps based on culture
  • What is confabulation in memory?
    Filling in gaps with schemas
  • What is simplification in memory recall?
    Missing out information due to lack of knowledge
  • What did Bartlett's war of the ghosts study demonstrate about memory?
    People alter stories based on schemas
  • What is a weakness of Bartlett's study regarding task validity?
    It does not reflect everyday memory tasks
  • Which gender has a higher score on spatial memory?
    Men
  • How do males and females differ in brain usage for memory?
    Males are more right side dominant
  • What did Palombo et al find about men and spatial memory?
    Men scored higher on spatial memory
  • What is a weakness of the study conducted by Palombo et al?
    It used self-report data with bias risk
  • What are the strengths and weaknesses of individual differences in memory research?
    Strengths:
    • Supports individual differences in memory
    • Applications of chunking to improve memory

    Weaknesses:
    • Lacks task validity in some studies
    • Self-report data may introduce bias