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Year 1 Psychology
Cognitive Psychology
Individual Differences in Memory
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Created by
Nathaniel Ainsworth
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Cards (19)
What is memory suggested to be due to shared processes?
Universal
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How do people encode and store information?
In a
linear system
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What is the average capacity of short-term memory (STM)?
7 +/- 2
pieces of information
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What affects the capacity of STM according to processing speed?
The time taken for
information
to process
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How long does it take for information to enter and process using the phonological loop?
2 seconds
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How does dyslexia affect processing speed and STM capacity?
It takes longer to process
words
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What did Sebastien and Hernandez Gill find about digit span in children?
Increased from
5
to
17
years old
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What does chunking involve in memory processing?
Grouping
connected items into
single
concepts
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What did Mcdougall et al find about poor readers and memory spans?
Lower memory spans for
learning words
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How do schemas affect memory according to reconstructive memory theory?
They help fill in gaps based on
culture
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What is confabulation in memory?
Filling in gaps with
schemas
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What is simplification in memory recall?
Missing out information due to
lack of knowledge
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What did Bartlett's war of the ghosts study demonstrate about memory?
People alter stories based on
schemas
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What is a weakness of Bartlett's study regarding task validity?
It does not reflect
everyday memory tasks
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Which gender has a higher score on spatial memory?
Men
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How do males and females differ in brain usage for memory?
Males are more
right side dominant
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What did Palombo et al find about men and spatial memory?
Men scored
higher
on spatial memory
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What is a weakness of the study conducted by Palombo et al?
It used
self-report
data with
bias risk
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What are the strengths and weaknesses of individual differences in memory research?
Strengths:
Supports individual differences in memory
Applications of
chunking
to improve memory
Weaknesses:
Lacks
task validity
in some studies
Self-report
data may introduce bias
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