MICROBIO

• EUKARYOTES

  • MULTICELLULAR ORGANISM
  • Eu- true
  • karyo - nut or nucleus
  • TRUE nucleus
  • DNA enclosed by a nuclear membrane
  • 10x larger than most prokaryotes
• NUCLEUS

  command center of the cell
• CELL MEMBRANE

  • separates cell from the external environment
  • regulate the passage of different materials into and out of the cells
  • selective barrier
• CYTOPLASM

  • semifluid matrix where the organelles are immersed, CYTOSOL
• LYSOSOMES

  • contain “lysozyme” and other digestive enzymes in charge of phagocytosis

  PEROXISOMES

  • vesicles in which H2O2 is broken down by the enzyme “catalase”
• MITOCHONDRIA

  • powehouse -> ATP Production

  FLAGELLA

  long, thin lament that helps in mobility of the cell, whip-like structure

  CILIA

  shorter, thinner, for locomotion
• Present in some BUT NOT IN ALL EUKARYOTES

  CELL WALL

  • provides rigidity, shape and protection of the cell, much simpler compared to prokaryotes
• PROKARYOTES

  • UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS
  • Pro - before
  • karyo - nut or nucleus.
  • NO TRUE nucleus
  • DNA not enclosed by a nuclear membrane
  • smaller in size
• PROKARYOTES

  CHROMOSOME

  only single, long, supercoiled circular DNA;

  CONTROL CENTER OF BACTERIAL CELL
• PLASMID

  -found all over cytoplasm

  small, circular molecule of double - stranded DNA, extrachromosomal DNA 
• CELL WALL

  • defines the shape of the cell, provide rigidity, strength and protection
  • main component is PEPTIDOGLYCAN
• GLYCOCALYX

  • Present in some bacteria; layer found outside the cell wall
  • slimy, gelatinous material produced by cell membrane & secreted outside the cell wall
  • CAPSULE AND SLIME LAYER
• SLIME LAYER

  • not highly organized, not firmly attached to the cell wall easily detaches and drifts away
  • Made up of glycoproteins and glycolipids
  • enable to glide along solid surfaces,
  • Psuedomonas - BURN INFECTION
• • CAPSULE
  • highly organized and firmly altached to the cell wall
  • seve an antiphago tic function
  • encapsulated bacteria are able to survive longer
• Made up of Polysacchandes

  • Neisseria meningitidis - MENINGITIS
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae - PNEUMONIA
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae - PNEUMONIA
  • Haemophits infuenze - UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION, OTITS MEDIA
• PROKARYOTES

  FLAGELLA

  3 or more threads of protein calle FLAGELLIN, for locomation

  Vibrio cholerae (monotrichous) - CHOLERA, Escherichia coli (pentrichous) - TRAVELERS DIARRHEA