Characteristics of phobias, depression and OCD

• Phobias are an extreme and irrational
• Arachnophobia is the fear of spiders.
• Claustrophobia is the fear of open spaces.

  False
• When defining phobias, it's necessary to go beyond the emotion of fear
• What is avoidant behavior in phobias?

  Avoiding phobic objects
• Physical panic responses are common behavioral characteristics of phobias.
• Panic responses in phobias may include screaming, hyperventilating, or attempting to run
• What is a generalized failure to function in phobias?

  Inability to perform normal behaviors
• Match the phobia with its behavioral characteristic:

  Ornophobia ↔️ Crossing the street to avoid birds

  Claustrophobia ↔️ Avoiding enclosed spaces

  Arachnophobia ↔️ Refusing to enter a room with spiders
• Phobias are classified as anxiety disorders
• Anxiety in phobias is characterized by constant worry about future encounters with phobic objects.
• What emotional state is linked to the fight or flight response in phobias?

  Fear
• Phobic individuals have an exaggerated belief in the harm of the phobic object
• How does phobia reduce cognitive capacity?

  Focus on phobic objects
• People with social phobia believe minor mistakes in conversation can have permanent negative consequences.
• Depression is classified as a mood disorder
• What is lethargy in depression?

  Lack of energy
• Anhedonia is the loss of interest in previously enjoyable activities.
• Poor personal hygiene is a behavioral characteristic of depression
• What are negative schemas in depression?

  Negative biases in thinking
• Sadness is a defining emotional characteristic of depression.
• What cognitive characteristic is associated with poor concentration in depression?

  Reduced attention span
• People with depression may feel guilty, helpless, or like they have no value
• What is indecisiveness in depression linked to?

  Poor concentration
• Changes in eating behavior are common behavioral characteristics of depression.
• Obsessive-compulsive disorder is another anxiety disorder
• What behavioral response is associated with obsessions in OCD?

  Compulsions
• Checking behaviors, such as repeatedly ensuring the door is locked, are common compulsions in OCD
• Why do individuals with OCD perform compulsions?

  To reduce anxiety
• Avoidance is a behavioral characteristic of OCD when triggering objects or situations are avoided.
• How can avoidance in OCD lead to social impairment?

  Difficulty leaving the house
• High levels of anxiety are an emotional characteristic of OCD
• Hypervigilance in OCD involves constantly looking for potential sources of obsessive thoughts.
• What cognitive bias is associated with hypervigilance in OCD?

  Selective attention