Coastal landscapes

Created by

Jake Hughes

Cards (56)

what landforms are submergent?
- Ria
- Fjords
-Dolmation coast
what landforms are emergent? 
- Raised beaches
- Abandoned cliffs
what is submergent landforms?
landforms created when sea levels were lower + submerged when sea levels increase
what is emergant landforms? 
landforms created when sea levels were higher + emergered when sea levels dropped
how have sea levels changes in the past?
20m higher and 83m lower than today
what three things effect natural temperature?
- Sun spots
- Volcanic activity
- Milkavitch cycle
How is oceans volume controlled by temperature?
- Warmer temp = thermal expansion
- Colder temp = freeze
what is Isostatic change? 
local changes in height of land meaning water effects different parts of the landform
what is Eustatic change? 
global change in sea levels due to changes in amounts of water
what are unintentional impacts? 
knock on effects
what are intentional impacts?
on purpose effects
what are types of human activities on a coast?
- management
- pollution
- global warming
- destruction of sand dunes (tourism)
what is wave refraction?
when wave hits a discordant coastline they hit headlands. All energy is focuses on headland = erosion. Transportation to Bay + deposition.
what landforms are depositional?
- Beaches
- Sand dunes
- Spits, Bars and Tombolos
- Salt marsh
- Delta
what landforms are erosional?
- Headlands and Bays
- Caves, Arches, Stumps and stacks
- Cliffs and Shore platforms
- Geos and Blowholes
what is lithology? 
the physical and chemical composition of a rock
what is aeolian?
processes in the air
what is fluvial?
processes in rivers
what are the types of transportation?
- solution
- suspension
- saltation
- traction
what are the types of marine processes?
- abrasion
- attrition
- hydraulic action
- pounding
- solution
what is mass movement?
forces act on sediment on a slope causing it to fall eg. rock fall, slides
what is biological weathering?
rock erodes due to plants, animals and bacteria eg. tree roots, organic acid
what is chemical weathering?
rock breaks down due to chemical reactions eg. oxidation, carbonation, hydrolysis
what is mechanical weathering?
natural events eg. freeze thaw, pressure release, thermal expansion, salt crystallisation
what are the types of weathering?
- Mechanical
- Chemical
- Biological
what do porous rocks allow?
water to be absorbed - impacts sub-aerial processes
what are the types of bedding strata?
- landward
- seaward (easiuer for water to get in)
what are the types of coastline?
- discordant
- concordant
how do currents effect the rate of erosion?
- offshore is constant and doesnt change
- nearshore is changeable and impacts depositional features
how do tides effect where erosion happens?
- spring cover large area
- neap cover smaller area
- higher tides have higher energy
what do nearshore currents transport?
sediment by tidal motion or breaking waves
what do currents impact?
- strength + size of waves
- erosion/deposition
- sub-aerial processes
what are the types of offshore currents?
- tides
- winds
- thermohaline (deeper ocean water moved due to heat and salinity of the water
what are the types of currents?
- offshore currents
- nearshore currents
how do you calculate wave energy?
energy = height^2 x time between each wave
what are the 5 types of waves?
- Swell (generated over long period of time and wave period of up to 20 seconds)
- Storm (generated locally due to strong winds + short wave period)
- Spilling (steep waves breaking on a gental beach)
- Plunging (steep waves breacking on steep beach)
- Surging (low waves breaking on steep beach)
what are the characteristics of a destructive wave?
- high wave height
- short wave length
- strong wave strength
what processes do destructive waves do?
erosion
what are the characteristics of a constructive wave?
- low wave height
- long wave length
- weak wave strength
what processes do constructive waves do?
deposition