Science

• Volcanism is a natural process of eruption of molten rocks
• A volcano is an opening in the earth's crust through which lava, ash and gases erupt
• most volcanoes are located at the pacific ring of fire that is shaped like a horseshoe
• pacific ring of fire consist of 452 volcanoes
• volcanologist studies and classify volcanoes according to their activity
• Volcanic Explosivity Index is an instrument to determine the magnitude of an explosive eruption based on the total volume of erupted material called tephra
• outer parts of the volcano are summit, slope and base
• inner parts of the volcanoes is conduit, sill and magma chambers
• parts of the volcanoes are ash cloud, volcanic bombs, lava, magma and parasitic cone
• summit is the highest point of volcano
• 3 parts of the summit are vent, crater and caldera
• vent is an opening in the volcano from where the lava come out
• crater is the mouth of the volcano that surrounds the vent and a roughly circular depression in the ground caused by volcanic activity
• caldera is a gigantic basin with steep walls at the summit of a volcano and is larger than the crater
• slope is the sides or flanks of a volcano that radiate from the main or central vent
• base is the flat surface that hold the entire volcano
• conduit serves as a pipe; the passage in the volcano which magma travels up
• sill is a flat piece of rock which forms by the hardening of magma in a rock in a volcano
• magma chambers is a storage or a large pool of liquid rocks beneath the surface of the earth
• ash cloud consists of pulverized rocks and small fragments as a result of an eruption
• volcanic bombs are formed when a volcano ejects fragments of lava during eruption
• lava is the magma that reaches the surface of our planet through a volcano vent
• magma is the molten rock that is underground
• parasitic cone is a cone-shaped accumulation of volcanic material not part of the central vent of a volcano
• 2 kinds of volcanic eruption are effusive and explosive
• effusive explosions occurs when hot runny basaltic magmas reach the surface as dissolved gas and lava escape easily
• explosive eruption happens in steep slope volcanoes with viscous magma and slow moving lava that prevents the release of the hot gases resulting in pressure and violent eruption of the volcano
• classifications of volcanoes are active volcanoes, potentially active volcanoes, and inactive volcanoes
• 3 types of volcanic cones are cinder, composite, and shield
• composite volcano also refer as stratovolcano that consist of lava and pyroclastic flow. it has a steep side and symmetrical cone
• cinder volcano has steep slope and considered as the simplest, rarely erupts violently and does not rise a thousand feet above the sea level
• shield volcanoes are flat and vast volcanoes, it has a slope that covers the area
• 5 types of volcanic eruptions are phreatic, phreatomagmatic, strombolian, vulcanian and plinian
• phreatic is also called hydrothermal which is a steam driven eruption as hot rocks comes contact with water
• phreatomagmatic is a violent eruption due to the interaction between magma and water
• vulcanian is characterized by tall columns of eruptions reaching up to 20km high
• plinian is considered the most violent kind of eruption exemplified by the fragmentation of highly gas charged and viscous magma
• strombolian is a periodic weak to violent eruption characterized by fountain lava
• PHILVOCS means Philippine institute of volcanology and seismology
• PHILVOCS is an institute of dost that is mandated to mitigate disasters that may arise from volcanic eruptions, tsunamis , earthquakes and other