Future of Food

• What it food security?


  When all people at all times have physical and economic access to safe food.
• What are the 4 types of security and insecurity?

  1. Food security
  2. Physical food scarcity
  3. Economic food scarity
  4. Chronic food insecurity
• What the food pillars?

  Availablity

  Accessiblity

  Utilisation

  Stability
• What does the global hunger index show?

  Measures global and local hunger levels.
• What does the food security index show?

  A global view on countries vulnerable to food insecurity.
• What is needed in food production?

  Temperature

  Light

  Water

  Air

  Soil
• What is food loss?

  pre production loss of food.
• What is food waste?


  after production loss of food
• What type of country is vulnerable to food loss?

  LIDC as they have poor storage and transport
• What is Arable farming?


  crops
• What is pastoral farming?


  animals
• What is subsistence farming?


  own consumptiom
• What is commercial farming?


  farming for profit
• What is shifting cultivation?


  moving farming areas
• What is sedentary farming?


  staying in the same area
• What is extensive farming?


  large scale
• What is intensive farming?


  Small scale
• What is globalisation?

  The growing interdependance of countries globally.
• How has globalisation affected food miles?

  • 2400Km before it reaches shops
  • 50% of UK veg is imported
  • 80% of UK fruit is imported
  • Improves security
• How has globalisation affected technology?

  • GM crops improve yeild
  • Are they safe?
  • Share technology helps everyone
• How has globalisation affected Aid?

  • 25 million people hungry in the Congo conflict
  • Increased speed of aid
  • Conditional?
• How has globalisation affected food price crisis?

  • fertiliser is expensive so increases food price
  • War blocks supply
  • Energy prices fluxuate
• How has globalisation affected health?

  • Import healthy food
  • fast food
  • more obese
• What is Malthus theory?


  Population will outgrow food supply. Natural checks like war will only be avoided if we slow birth rate.
• What is Boserupt theory?


  Technology and intensive farming will help us keep up with population growth
• What are human factors that affect security?

  • Tech
  • Capital
  • Resource competition
  • Land grabbing
  • TNC
  • Land ownership
• What are physical factors that affect security?

  • Soil
  • Percipitation
  • Water supply
  • Aspects
  • Altitudes
  • Temperature
  • Acidic soil - too many nutrients
  • Alkaline soil - no nutrients
• Who are people at risk of food insecurity?

  • 815 million go hungry
  • Women are main food producers in LIDC but go hungry
  • 146 million children are under weight
  • Half of hungry people live in small scale farms
  • 75% of hungry people live in rural areas
• What is a pinch point?


  Places in the food supply chain where disruption occurs.
• Why do retailers use JIT in the supply chain?

  To reduce costs and waste
• Explain the Suez Canal?

  • reduces journey by 7000Km
  • 17200 boats in 2012
  • maintained by the authorities
  • expansion costed $8.4 billion but doubled capacity to 97 ships/day
• What is desertifaction?


  reduction in farming capablity
• What causes desertifaction?


  overgrazing, deforestation and fires
• Explain the Sahal? Desertifaction

  • 50% is used for farms but only 5% irrigated
  • 9.7 million food insecure
  • 920 million population is a threat
  • Increased deforestation is a threat due to more soil erosion
  • Overuse of land is a threat
• How do you prevent desertifaction?

  • reduce clearing
  • manage water
  • educate
  • invest
• What is land degradation?


  Changes in soil quality
• Explain the Steppe in China? Land degradation

  • Prone to droughts and strong wind
  • Previously nomadic small scale farming
  • Rising population demanded more so GOV gave tax cuts, invested in technology and introduced corn and fertiliser
  • Overuse caused land degradation
• What does Long term land degradation cause?

  Desertifaction
• How do you control land degradation?

  • Dams
  • Strip / contour farm
  • small scale farms
• What are extreme events that can effect food?

  • Floods
  • Fires
  • Drought
  • Earthquake
  • Tropical Storms