Vibrio and Campylobacter

• What type of bacteria are Vibrio species?

  Gram-negative bacilli
• Vibrio species can ferment lactose but not glucose

  False
• Which Vibrio species are not halophilic?

  *V. cholerae* and *V. mimicus*
• In what type of water do most Vibrio species thrive?

  Salty water
• What does the term 'facultative anaerobes' mean?

  Survive with or without oxygen
• Where is *Vibrio cholerae* commonly found?

  Salty or brackish water
• Which serogroups of *Vibrio cholerae* cause cholera?

  O1 and O139
• Steps in the transmission of *Vibrio cholerae*

  1️⃣ Drinking contaminated water

  2️⃣ Eating raw or undercooked seafood

  3️⃣ Fecal-oral route
• Match the virulence factor of *Vibrio cholerae* with its function:

  Cholera Toxin (CT) ↔️ Causes water and electrolyte hypersecretion

  Zonula Occludens Toxin (Zot) ↔️ Decreases tissue resistance

  Mucinase ↔️ Degrades proteins and helps reattachment

  Toxin Coregulated Pilus (TCP) ↔️ Enables colonization in the small intestine
• What is the characteristic stool of cholera called?

  "Rice-water" stool
• What is the primary treatment for cholera?

  Fluid and electrolyte replacement
• Which vaccine is recommended in Canada for cholera prevention?

  DUKORAL®
• What does the Cholera Toxin weapon produced by Vibrio cholerae cause in the human body?

  Loss of water
• What does fluid and electrolyte replacement correct in cholera treatment?

  Severe dehydration
• What is the primary habitat of Vibrio parahaemolyticus?

  Coastal waters
• What color are Vibrio parahaemolyticus colonies on TCBS agar?

  Green
• Microscopic examination is commonly used for the initial laboratory diagnosis of Vibrio cholerae.

  False
• Which rapid antigen detection system is used for Vibrio cholerae detection?

  ELISA
• Order the methods for detecting Vibrio cholerae based on their specificity from lowest to highest.

  1️⃣ Microscopic examination

  2️⃣ Rapid antigen detection systems

  3️⃣ Antisera agglutination

  4️⃣ Latex agglutination

  5️⃣ Nucleic acid testing
• What is the primary virulence factor of Vibrio cholerae that causes hypersecretion of water and electrolytes?

  Cholera toxin
• What color are Vibrio cholerae colonies on TCBS agar due to their sucrose fermentation?

  Yellow
• What type of agar is used in the image to grow Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus?

  TCBS Agar