Depression: explaining and treating (cognitive approach)

• What is one of the most common mental health disorders?

  Depression
• What fraction of adults in the UK experience depression?

  One in five
• What percentage of women aged 16 to 29 experience depressive symptoms?

  Over 40%
• What cognitive concept will be discussed in relation to depression?

  Schemas
• What does the cognitive approach suggest about depression?

  It is due to problems in internal mental processes
• How are schemas defined in the context of cognitive psychology?

  Mental frameworks built from experience
• How do schemas help individuals navigate the world?

  They provide mental shortcuts for understanding
• What can negative schemas lead to in individuals with depression?

  Biases and negative self-perceptions
• What are Beck's three types of negative schemas?

  Self, world, and future schemas
• What is a consequence of negative thought patterns in depression?

  Negative behaviors like avoidance and withdrawal
• What is overgeneralization in cognitive distortions?

  Assuming one negative experience will always happen
• What does selective abstraction involve?

  Focusing on one negative detail out of context
• What does Ellis's ABC model stand for?

  Activating event, belief, consequence
• What is the difference between rational and irrational beliefs in the ABC model?

  Rational beliefs lead to healthy emotions
• What does "masturbatory thinking" refer to in Ellis's theory?

  Unrealistic demands and expectations
• What are the three musts that hold people back according to Ellis?

  I must do well, you must treat me well, the world must be easy
• What does research by Grizzoli and Terry suggest about negative thinking styles?

  They increase the likelihood of developing depression
• What is the effectiveness rate of CBT after 36 weeks of treatment?

  81%
• What is a limitation of cognitive theories in explaining depression?

  They do not account for anger in depression
• What evidence supports a biological origin for depression?

  Family studies and genetic research
• What do cognitive theories assume about the thoughts of depressed individuals?

  They are irrational