Pregnancy

• The placenta is the organ that connects the mother to the fetus, providing nutrients and oxygen.
• During pregnancy, hormones such as estrogen and progesterone increase, causing changes in the body.
• Pregnancy it a term used to describe 


  The period in which a foetus develop inside woman's uterus
• Fertilisation process whereby


  The sperms fuses with ovum to form zygote
• Duration of pregnancy 


  37-38 weeks [9 months]
• Tender breast reason for a sign of pregnancy bc


  The breasts prepare itself for milk
• Mood swings bc of


  Hormones
• Frequent urination bc


  Foetus press on bladder
• After fertilisation the zygote travel downs the fallopian tube when it becomes morula/blastula
• Headache caused by change in blood supply in the mother's body
• 13th week of pregnancy the developing baby is called embryo and 14th its foetus
• The zygote cell devides by a process called mitosis to form 2 cells then 4 cell and so on
• By the 3/4 day it forms into a ball of cells called morula/blastula
• On the 5th day morula reaches uterus and keeps on dividing to form a hollow balls of cells called blastocyst
• The blastocyst consists of an inner cell mass and outer cell mass called 


  The trophoblast
• Zygote 


  Cell formed wen the sperms cell nucleus fuses with the nucleus ovum
• Implantation


  Attachment of blastula to uterine wall
• Development of the zygote in the 1rst week of pregnancy 


  Pic shows

  
• 3 trimestster of pregnancy 1-13 weeks 14-27 weeks 28-40

  
• Amnion fluid acts as an

  1. Shock absorber,protecting embryo against external pressure
  2. Prevent embryo from drying out and allow it to move freely
  3. Lubricates birth canal during pregnancy
• Amnion 


  Sac where foetus develops
• Mucous plug when cervix sealls off the uterus from outside
• The chorion forms a layer around amnion and embryo,the chorian forms placenta together with tissue in the uterus wall
• Yolk sack turns into Allantois turns into umbilical cord
• Planceta


  Connects embryo wall to mother's uterus
• The placenta connected to embryo by tube called umbilical cord
• Umbilical cord contains 3 blood vessels

  1. Umbilical vein carries blood with oxygen, food and and antibodies from placenta to embryo
  2. Arteries which carry deoxygenated blood with waste products from embryo to placenta
• Stages of labour

  1. contractions of uterus muscles
  2. Opening of the cervix (dilation)
  3. Breaking of water
• Contractions of uterus muscles csuee the cervix to open to allow baby to pass
• Regular contraction of uterus muscles cause the aminion to break
• Wht is fertilisation 


  When sperms fuses with ovum to form a zygote
• Antenatal care is the care given to mother and developing baby before birth
• antenatal care involves medical checkups,treatment.
• A pregnant lady should eat from each food group a day
• A pregnant lady should avoid taking alcohol and drug. medicines unless they are prescribed by the doctor