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Conduction, convection, radiation, and insulation
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the best conductors are:
silver
,
copper
,
aluminium
,
steel
, and
iron
conduction
happens when particles are hot they
vibrate
more. This causes them to
collide
with adjacent particles and transfer
thermal energy
heat energy
travels from hotter to colder areas
when there is a
larger
temperature difference energy transfers
faster
conduction only happens in
solids
poor conductors are called
insulators
metal
is a good conductor whereas
plastic
is a bad conductor
metals
have a different
structure
to other solids
convection
happens in liquids and gases
convection currents
are when
warmer
particles rise to replace
colder
ones. when they
cool
they
sink
and are then
replaced
themselves.
convection currents
cause heat transfer
radiation travels through
waves
meaning it can travel through
space
the earth is warmed by
infra-red radiation
infra-red rays can; travel in a
vacuum
, travel at the speed of
light
, be
reflected
and
absorbed
, and travel in
straight lines.
matt black
surfaces are the best
emitter
of radiation whereas
shiny silver
surfaces are the worst emitter of radiation
radiation travels in
straight lines
in
all directions
radiation is used by
solar panels
insulation
is a material that does not allow
charge
or
heat
to pass through it easily
insulation
reflects radiation or
decreases
conduction/convection
loft
insulation


stops
heat escaping
through the
roof
double glazing


stops heat escaping through closed windows
electrical insulators
do not allow electricity to pass through them
examples of electrical
insulators
are
plastic wood
and
rubber