P1 - Energy

• The main energy sources are thermal, chemical, nuclear, kinetic, magnetic, electrostatic, gravitational potential and elastic potential
• The equation for gravitational potential is mass x height x GFS
• The equation for kinetic energy is 1/2 x mass x (velocity)^2
• The equation for elastic potential is 1/2 x spring constant x (extension)^2
• Specific Heat Capacity (SHC) is the amount of energy required to heat up 1 kg of a substance by 1 Celsius
• The equation for SHC is change in thermal energy / mass x temperature change
• Work done = energy transferred, the equation is work done = force x distance
• The equation for power is work done / time taken. It is the amount of energy that is transferred per second
• A closed system has no exchange with its surroundings
• An open system exchanges matter or energy with its surroundings
• Efficiency is useful energy output/total energy input. It can be shown through a Sankey diagram
• Renewable energy sources include geothermal, solar, wind, tidal, biofuel and hydroelectric.
• Fossil fuels have been formed from dead plants and animals over millions of years under high pressure and heat.
• Non-renewable sources include fossil fuels(coal, oil and gas), and nuclear
• Types of energy transfers


  Mechanically, electrically, by heating, by infrared radiation and light/sound waves
• Internal energy


  the total energy stored by the particles making up a system
• What two stores is internal energy made up of?

  Kinetic + potential