gen bio

• Robert Hooke discovered cork cells, which he called "cellulae" meaning small rooms
• Anton van Leeuwenhoek is known as the Father of Microbiology
• Robert Brown observed the Brownian movement and noted that cells contain a large central part or nucleus referred to as a "little nut"
• Félix Dujardin, a French zoologist, reported that cells are not hollow, empty structures but are full of a clear, jellylike fluid called cytoplasm
• Matthias Schleiden, a German botanist, stated that "All plants are made of cells"
• Theodore Schwann, a German zoologist, stated that "All animals are made up of cells"
• Rudolf Virchow, a German physician, introduced the concept "Omnis cellula e cellula" meaning "All cells come from pre-existing cells"
• James Watson, an American biologist, and Francis Crick, a British biophysicist, discovered the double helix structure of DNA
• Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin, British biophysicists, produced images of DNA using x-ray diffraction, indicating the helical shape of DNA, which was crucial for Watson and Crick to determine the detailed structure of DNA
• Jan Evangelista Purkyne, also known as Purkinje:

  • Discovered blood plasma
  • Coined the term "protoplasm"
  • First to use a microtome
• René Joachim Henri Dutrochet the French physician and botanist - one of the first to conclude that various parts of organisms are made up of cells - discovered osmosis