lorenz curve

Cards (66)

  • What are the two main measures economists use to assess income inequality?
    Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient
  • What kind of interpretation does the Lorenz curve provide regarding income inequality?
    Visual interpretation
  • What does the Gini coefficient provide that the Lorenz curve does not?
    A mathematical number to interpret
  • What is notable about Norway's income distribution compared to South Africa's?
    Norway has a more equal distribution
  • Which axis represents the cumulative percent of income on a Lorenz curve?
    Y-axis
  • Which axis represents the cumulative percent of population on a Lorenz curve?
    X-axis
  • What does 'cumulative' mean in the context of a Lorenz curve?
    Up to and including
  • What does the upward sloping linear line on a Lorenz curve represent?
    The line of perfect equality
  • What does it mean if a Lorenz curve is close to the line of perfect equality?
    More equal distribution of income
  • What does it mean if a Lorenz curve is far from the line of perfect equality?
    More unequal distribution of income
  • In South Africa, what might the Lorenz curve show about the poorest 20% of the population?
    They earn a small percentage of income
  • In South Africa, what might the Lorenz curve show about the richest 10% of the population?
    They earn a large percentage of income
  • What does the Gini coefficient convert the visual interpretation of the Lorenz curve into?
    A number
  • What does the Gini coefficient measure?
    Distance between Lorenz curve and equality line
  • What is the formula to calculate the Gini coefficient?
    Section A / (Section A + B)
  • In the Gini coefficient formula, what does Section A represent?
    Area between Lorenz curve and equality line
  • In the Gini coefficient formula, what does Section B represent?
    Area beneath the Lorenz curve
  • In the Gini coefficient formula, what does Section A + B represent?
    Area beneath the line of equality
  • What range does the Gini coefficient fall between?
    Zero and one
  • What does a Gini coefficient of zero represent?
    Perfect equality
  • What does a Gini coefficient of one represent?
    Perfect inequality
  • What does a Gini coefficient closer to zero indicate?
    More equal income distribution
  • What does a Gini coefficient closer to one indicate?
    More unequal income distribution
  • What is Norway's Gini coefficient typically around?
    0.25
  • What is South Africa's Gini coefficient typically around?
    0.65
  • How can Lorenz curves and Gini coefficients be used in essays about government policies?
    Show effectiveness of income redistribution
  • What should a policy aiming to reduce income inequality do to the Lorenz curve?
    Shift it closer to equality line
  • What should a policy aiming to reduce income inequality do to the Gini coefficient?
    Move it toward zero
  • Why is income inequality considered a significant criticism of free labor markets?
    It highlights potential unfairness in outcomes
  • Under what circumstances might government intervention to redistribute income be deemed necessary?
    When income inequality is high
  • On a Lorenz curve, what variable is invariably plotted on the y-axis?
    Cumulative percent of income
  • On a Lorenz curve, what variable is invariably plotted on the x-axis?
    Cumulative percent of population
  • What does a Lorenz curve where the last person earns all the income signify?
    Perfect inequality
  • What is a major criticism of free labor markets that makes it important to measure income inequality?
    Income inequality
  • Why do economists measure income inequality?
    To justify government intervention for income redistribution
  • What are the two main measures of income inequality used by economists?
    Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient
  • How does the Lorenz curve help in understanding income inequality?
    It provides a visual representation
  • What does the Gini coefficient provide that the Lorenz curve does not?
    A mathematical number for interpretation
  • Which country is described as having a very equal distribution of income?
    Norway
  • Which country is described as having one of the most unequal income distributions?
    South Africa