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Economics Labour markets Yr2
lorenz curve
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Cards (66)
What are the two main measures economists use to assess income inequality?
Lorenz curve
and
Gini coefficient
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What kind of interpretation does the Lorenz curve provide regarding income inequality?
Visual
interpretation
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What does the Gini coefficient provide that the Lorenz curve does not?
A
mathematical
number to interpret
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What is notable about Norway's income distribution compared to South Africa's?
Norway has a more
equal
distribution
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Which axis represents the cumulative percent of income on a Lorenz curve?
Y-axis
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Which axis represents the cumulative percent of population on a Lorenz curve?
X-axis
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What does 'cumulative' mean in the context of a Lorenz curve?
Up to and
including
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What does the upward sloping linear line on a Lorenz curve represent?
The line of
perfect equality
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What does it mean if a Lorenz curve is close to the line of perfect equality?
More equal distribution of
income
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What does it mean if a Lorenz curve is far from the line of perfect equality?
More unequal distribution of
income
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In South Africa, what might the Lorenz curve show about the poorest 20% of the population?
They earn a small
percentage
of income
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In South Africa, what might the Lorenz curve show about the richest 10% of the population?
They earn a large
percentage
of income
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What does the Gini coefficient convert the visual interpretation of the Lorenz curve into?
A
number
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What does the Gini coefficient measure?
Distance between
Lorenz curve
and
equality line
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What is the formula to calculate the Gini coefficient?
Section A
/ (
Section A + B
)
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In the Gini coefficient formula, what does Section A represent?
Area between
Lorenz curve
and
equality line
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In the Gini coefficient formula, what does Section B represent?
Area beneath the
Lorenz curve
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In the Gini coefficient formula, what does Section A + B represent?
Area beneath the
line of equality
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What range does the Gini coefficient fall between?
Zero
and
one
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What does a Gini coefficient of zero represent?
Perfect equality
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What does a Gini coefficient of one represent?
Perfect
inequality
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What does a Gini coefficient closer to zero indicate?
More
equal
income
distribution
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What does a Gini coefficient closer to one indicate?
More
unequal
income
distribution
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What is Norway's Gini coefficient typically around?
0.25
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What is South Africa's Gini coefficient typically around?
0.65
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How can Lorenz curves and Gini coefficients be used in essays about government policies?
Show effectiveness of
income redistribution
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What should a policy aiming to reduce income inequality do to the Lorenz curve?
Shift it closer to
equality line
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What should a policy aiming to reduce income inequality do to the Gini coefficient?
Move it toward
zero
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Why is income inequality considered a significant criticism of free labor markets?
It highlights potential
unfairness
in outcomes
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Under what circumstances might government intervention to redistribute income be deemed necessary?
When
income inequality
is high
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On a Lorenz curve, what variable is invariably plotted on the y-axis?
Cumulative
percent
of income
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On a Lorenz curve, what variable is invariably plotted on the x-axis?
Cumulative percent of population
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What does a Lorenz curve where the last person earns all the income signify?
Perfect inequality
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What is a major criticism of free labor markets that makes it important to measure income inequality?
Income inequality
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Why do economists measure income inequality?
To justify
government intervention
for income redistribution
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What are the two main measures of income inequality used by economists?
Lorenz curve
and
Gini coefficient
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How does the Lorenz curve help in understanding income inequality?
It
provides
a
visual
representation
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What does the Gini coefficient provide that the Lorenz curve does not?
A
mathematical
number for
interpretation
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Which country is described as having a very equal distribution of income?
Norway
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Which country is described as having one of the most unequal income distributions?
South Africa
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