Cells and survival

• Requirements for cell survival?

  1. Source of energy
  2. Supply of matter
  3. Ability to remove wastes
• Most cells use glucose as a source of energy
• Cellular respiration is the process of breaking down glucose to release energy.
• Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants convert light energy into chemical energy.
• Catabolism: the breakdown of complex molecules in living organisms to form simpler ones.
• Anabolism: the synthesis of complex molecules in living organisms from simpler ones.
• What are the 4 groups of macromolecules?

  Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids.
• What are lipids and their purpose?


  Lipids are a diverse group of molecules that include fats, oils, and cholesterol. Their purpose is to store energy, provide insulation, and serve as structural components of cell membranes.
• What are proteins and their purpose for cells?

  Proteins are large molecules made up of amino acids. They have various functions in cells, including structural support, enzymatic activity, and cell signaling.
• What are nucleic acids and their purpose?

  Nucleic acids are biomolecules that store and transmit genetic information. Their purpose is to carry the instructions for the synthesis of proteins and to control the functioning of cells.
• What is the cytoskeleton and its purpose?


  The cytoskeleton is a network of protein filaments that provides structural support and helps with cell movement and division.
• What are ribosomes and their function?

  Ribosomes are cellular structures responsible for protein synthesis.
• What makes Ribosomes in the cell?


  Nucleolus
• What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? A membrane bound organelle that synthesises and transports lipids
• What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum? A membrane bound organelle that synthesises and transports lipids
• What is the golgi apparatus? A series of flattened membrane-bound sacs that are involved in the modification and packaging of proteins
• What is the mitochondria and its function?


  The mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell and its function is to produce energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration.
• What are chloroplasts and their function?

  Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells that are responsible for photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy.
• What is the nucleus of a cell and its function?

  The nucleus is the control center of the cell and contains the cell's DNA. Its function is to regulate gene expression and coordinate cellular activities.
• What is the cell wall and its function?


  The cell wall is a rigid layer outside the cell membrane in plant cells. Its function is to provide structural support and protection for the cell.
• What is the vacuole and its function?


  The vacuole is a membrane-bound organelle found in plant and fungal cells. Its main function is to store water, nutrients, and waste products.
• What are lysosomes and their function?


  Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that contain digestive enzymes. Their function is to break down waste materials, cellular debris, and foreign substances in the cell.
• What is cytoplasm and its function?

  Cytoplasm is the gel-like substance inside a cell. Its function is to support and protect cellular organelles and facilitate cellular processes.
• What is the flagella and its function?


  Flagella are whip-like appendages that protrude from the surface of certain cells. Their function is to enable cell movement.
• What is the centrioles and its function?

  Centrioles are small cylindrical structures found in animal cells. Their main function is to help organize the microtubules during cell division.
• True or false, Prokaryotic cells have membrane bound organelles?

  False.
• T or F, Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus?

  True
• T or F, Prokaryotic cells store DNA in the cytoplasm?


  True
• T or F, prokaryotes have ribosomes?

  True