Organelles

• the nucleus contains genetic material (DNA) in the form of chromatin
• ribosomes assemble proteins from mRNA
• ribosomes link amino acids to form proteins
• the Golgi body modifies and packages proteins into vesicles for cell excretion
• the endoplasmic reticulum synthesises cellular materials
• ribosomes can be found attached to the endoplasmic reticulum or in the cytoplasm
• the SER creates and stores lipids and steroids
• the RER plays a role in synthesising proteins
• the nucleolus is a substructure of the nucleus that synthesises ribosomal RNA
• mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration, producing ATP from glucose
• ATP is a high energy molecule that is used to make other molecules
• unlike DNA, RNA is single stranded
• vacuoles are empty bags within the cell that aid in storage and disposal
• vesicles are small membrane bound sacs that contain materials for transport in and out of the cell
• the cytoskeleton provides structure and movement to the cell, comprised of a scaffolding of tubes
• flagella and cilia are protein filaments that allow cells to move
• lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down unwanted materials
• centrosomes contain centrioles
• centrioles aid in cell division and determine the location of organelles
• the cytoplasm consists of cytosol and organelles
• the cytoplasm is the medium for chemical reactions and the platform for organelles to function
• the cytoplasm fills the space between the nucleus and cell membrane