META TUTS | MOD 6

• Mycology is the study of mushrooms
• Fungi are not photosynthetic
• Fungi are heterotrophs
• Heterotrophs means getting nutrients from other organisms
• Fungi are saprotrophs, feed on organic material of dead organisms
• Fungi are rich sources of protein
• Autotrophs are organisms that can make their own food from inorganic molecules
• Fungi form spores for their reproduction
• The fungal hyphae are slender like structures that comprose the vegetative state of fungi
• Fungi reporoduce sexually or asexually through their hyphae
• fungi can be septate or aseptate
• Yeasts are unicellular reproduce by budding
• Examples of yeasts are Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans
• molds are multicellular reproduce by sporulation
• Example of mold Penicillium notatum
• Amanita mushroom is verytoxic
• Saccharomyces cerevisiae - Brewer’s yeast. induces fermentation
• Candida albicans - causes candidiasis to immunocompromised patients. People who drinks antibiotics
• Malassezia furfur - dimorphic fungus = yeast, mold. Causes whitish patches on skin. Exhibits Spagetti and matballs appreance under microscope.
• who forms the hyphae?

  molds
• Penicillium notatum - Penicillin
• Malassezia furfur causes tinea versicolor (whitish patches on skin)
• Tinea capitis - hair shaft, scalp
• Tinea corporis - body
• Tinea pedis - Foot; Athlete’s foot
• Tinea cruris - groin; jock itch
• candidiasis - mouth and genitals (mycostatin)
• Viruses are acellular
• Viruses needs a host to multiply
• Viruses‘ genetic material is protected by a protein coat called capsid
• Viruses without lipid envelope are called naked viruses
• Viruses are acellular entities
• Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites
• Viruses cannot generate energy outside cells
• Viruses cannot synthesize proteins outside cells
• Avian Flu or Bird Flu Infection
• Avian Flu - causative agent is Influenza Virus (H5N1, H7N9)
• H5N1 - Hemagglutinin 5 Neuraminidase 1
• Antigenic Shift - Major Changes (Pandemic)
• Antigenic Drift - Minor Changes (Epidemic)