ICC 1

• The nature of being indigenous which means that these people are merely focused on their historical continuity, their self identity and their distinctiveness .
• Philippines Ethnic landscape

  Archipelago of more than 7500 islands At least 106 ethnic groups More than 180 languages
• Who are the indigenous peoples of the Philippines?

  * Negrito * Cordillera People * Cagayan Valley groups * Mangyan * Palawan groups * Visayan Groups * Lumadnon * Bangsamoro
• Little Black people” in Spanish

  Negrito
• Hunter- gatherer population
• Negrito -They are the aboriginal people of the Philippines.​
• Negrito -They are believed to have come to the Philippines from mainland Asia approximately 30,000 years ago
• Aeta -considered by anthropologists to be descendants of the original inhabitants of the Philippines.​
• Ayta(Aeta) -dark skinned, finely curled hair, and short stature.
• Ati means “man” and in other definition is “ate” or older sister
• Negrito ethnic group in the Visayas, the central portion of the Philippine archipelago. Their small numbers are principally concentrated in the islands of Boracay, Panay and Negros.

  Ati
• They wear plain and simple attire (loincloth for men and skirts for women)


  Ayta(Aeta)
• Hunting and gathering indigenous

  AYTA (Aeta)
• Ati -They are animistic but because of acculturation they’d adopt the Roman Catholic religion
• practice monotheism and are animists.

  AYTA (Aeta)
• Ayta (Aeta) -They worship a Supreme Being and also believe in environmental spirits. ​
• Traditional Aetas, who are skilled in weaving and plating.
• Batak is the name given to the tribe by the Cuyunons and it means “people of the mountains.”
• Batak -Puerto Princesa Palawan
• Agta -

  Characterized as short, dark-skinned, tiny-haired, thick-lipped, and small-nosed individuals
• Batak -For centuries they combined a hunting-gathering lifestyle with seeding of useful food plants,a slash and burn farming method, and trading
• Eastern Luzon, Cagayan Province, Sorsogon inhabitants.

  Agta
• Today the Batak are mostly Christian with a Muslim minority.
• Batak -traditionally known for their weaving, wood carving and especially ornate stone tombs.
• Gaygay - It is a custom to fence off part of their ancestral domain whenever there is a death of an elder in the community ( agta)
• The ‘Wagah’ or pre-hunting and pre-fishing rituals.(agta)
• derived from the word “Gubat” (forest) and “Hubad” (naked). But “Taga-dagat” which means “living near the sea” or “sea gypsies” is more logical. 


  Dumagat
• Dumagat derived from the word

  “Gubat” (forest) and “Hubad” (naked).
• In dumagat the main livelihoods are the traditional hunting and fishing, as well as planting of crops.
• Traditional practices of dumagat and daily ways of life such as hunting,fishing, and farming are connected to the “Subkal’n- Is’suwi” which they inherit from their ancestors.
• Mamanwa The chieftain called a Tambayon, usually takes over the duties of counseling tribal members
• They respect the physical environment. They are not indiscriminate in extracting resources from the environment. Because they believe in environment spirits or diwata, they have a fear in offending these spirits when they go about their hunting, fishing or foraging activities” - (Castro 2005)​

  Mamanwa
• Dumagat derived from the word 


  “Gubat” (forest) and “Hubad” (naked)