Active transport

• What process allows substances to be absorbed against a concentration gradient?

  Active transport
• How does active transport differ from diffusion?

  Active transport moves substances against the gradient
• What is required for active transport to occur?

  Energy from respiration
• What is a concentration gradient?

  Difference in concentration across a space
• If a cell needs to absorb a molecule at high concentration inside, what process does it use?

  Active transport
• Why can't sugars diffuse into the cell from the lumen?

  Concentration of sugars is lower in the lumen
• What role do mitochondria play in active transport?

  They provide energy for the process
• What ions do root hair cells transport into plants?

  Magnesium ions
• Why do plants need magnesium ions?

  To make chlorophyll in leaves
• How do root hair cells use active transport?

  To move ions from soil into the cell
• How are ions transported after entering root hair cells?

  They are moved to the xylem vessels
• What is the lumen in the context of the small intestine?

  The cavity where food is digested
• What are the key differences between active transport and diffusion?

  • Active transport moves substances against the gradient
  • Diffusion moves substances down the gradient
  • Active transport requires energy from respiration
  • Diffusion does not require energy
• What is the significance of mitochondria in cells that perform active transport?

  • Mitochondria provide ATP for energy
  • Essential for the active transport process