Pathology

• What are regenerative cells in wound healing?

  Cells that can regenerate tissue
• How do stable cells differ from labile cells?

  Stable cells have good regeneration but low turnover
• What is primary intention healing?

  Wound healing with edges directly approximated
• What forms at the wound site during primary intention healing?

  Blood clot and scab
• What is re-epithelialization in wound healing?

  Migration of epithelial cells to cover a wound
• What is phagocytosis in the context of wound healing?

  Process of clearing debris by immune cells
• What is granulation tissue and how does it form?

  Forms from proliferation of capillaries and fibroblasts
• What is the function of granulation tissue in wound healing?

  Pulls edges of the wound together and produces a scar
• What happens to inflammation and vascularity during healing?

  Inflammation subsides and vascularity decreases
• How does collagen change during the healing process?

  Collagen develops from type 3 to type 1
• What is the role of remodeling in wound healing?

  Increases tensile strength over many months
• What happens to native structures during the remodeling phase?

  They are no longer found under the microscope
• What characterizes secondary intention healing?

  Granulation tissue forms in the base of the wound
• How does secondary intention healing differ from primary intention healing?

  It takes longer and results in a bigger scar
• What is PDGF and its role in healing?

  It stimulates cell proliferation and migration
• What cells secrete TGF-beta?

  Platelets, macrophages, and osteoblasts
• What is the function of TGF-beta in wound healing?

  Stimulates fibroblast proliferation and matrix production
• What does VEGF do in the healing process?

  Stimulates vasculogenesis and angiogenesis
• What are cosmetic complications of scar formation?

  Scars can look unsightly
• What is keloid histology characterized by?

  Excessive collagen deposition beyond wound boundaries
• What is a split skin graft?

  Surgical procedure to graft skin from donor site
• What is modified resolution in healing?

  Healing process where tissue is replaced by scar
• What is a stricture?

  Abnormal narrowing of a bodily passage
• What are adhesions in the context of scar formation?

  Abnormal bands of scar tissue binding surfaces together
• What is contracture in wound healing?

  Abnormal shortening of muscle or tissues
• What is healing by first intention?

  Wound healing with minimal scar formation
• What is healing by secondary intention?

  Wound closure through granulation tissue formation
• What is a granuloma?

  A mass of immune cells in persistent inflammation