Digestive enzymes

• What should you be able to describe by the end of the video?

  The enzymes in the digestive system
• What is the role of enzymes in digestion?

  They catalyze chemical reactions and speed them up
• What are enzymes made of?

  Large protein molecules
• What is the active site of an enzyme?

  It is where the substrate attaches
• What is the substrate in enzyme reactions?

  The molecule that the enzyme breaks down
• What does the lock and key theory describe?

  Enzymes are specific to their substrates
• What type of enzymes break down proteins?

  Proteases
• Where are proteases found in the digestive system?

  In the stomach and pancreatic fluid
• What are proteins made of?

  Amino acids
• What happens to proteins during digestion?

  They are converted back to amino acids
• What type of enzymes break down carbohydrates?

  Carbohydrases
• What is the specific enzyme that breaks down starch?

  Amylase
• Where is amylase found?

  In saliva and pancreatic fluid
• What is the structure of a lipid molecule?

  Glycerol and three fatty acids
• What enzyme digests lipids?

  Lipase
• What does lipase produce when it digests lipids?

  Glycerol and fatty acids
• Where is lipase found?

  In pancreatic fluid and small intestine
• What is the role of bile in lipid digestion?

  It emulsifies lipids to increase surface area
• Where is bile produced and stored?

  Produced in the liver, stored in gallbladder
• How does bile affect lipid digestion?

  It increases the rate of lipid breakdown
• What is the pH nature of bile?

  Bile is alkaline
• What does bile neutralize in the digestive system?

  Stomach acids
• Why is neutralizing stomach acids important?

  It creates alkaline conditions in the small intestine
• What should you remember about enzymes in the digestive system?

  There will be many questions on them
• What are the main types of enzymes involved in digestion?

  • Proteases: break down proteins
  • Carbohydrases: break down carbohydrates
  • Lipases: break down lipids
• What are the steps involved in lipid digestion with bile?

  1. Bile emulsifies large lipid droplets
  2. Increases surface area for lipase action
  3. Lipase breaks down lipids into glycerol and fatty acids
  4. Bile neutralizes stomach acids for optimal enzyme function