Vaccination

• What can vaccination prevent in an individual?

  Illness
• What can vaccination prevent in a population?

  The spread of pathogens
• What role do white blood cells play in the immune system?

  They produce antibodies against pathogens
• What do antibodies do when they encounter pathogens?

  They stick to pathogens and trigger destruction
• How do vaccines work?

  By introducing dead or inactive pathogens
• What is a key point about the pathogens used in vaccines?

  They cannot lead to disease in the patient
• What happens to white blood cells after vaccination?

  They produce antibodies and divide by mitosis
• How long can copies of white blood cells stay in the blood?

  For decades
• What happens if the same pathogen enters the body years later?

  White blood cells produce antibodies quickly
• How do vaccines protect us from infection?

  By stimulating antibody production against pathogens
• What does the graph in the video show about antibody levels?

  Antibody levels rise quickly after pathogen invasion
• Why is it important for a large number of people to be vaccinated?

  To protect unvaccinated individuals through herd immunity
• What is herd immunity?

  Protection of unvaccinated individuals by vaccinated ones
• Who might not get vaccinated?

  People new to a country or missing appointments
• What happens to an unvaccinated person surrounded by vaccinated individuals?

  They cannot catch the disease
• Where can students find more questions on vaccination?

  In the vision workbook
• What are the steps involved in how vaccination works?

  • Introduce dead or inactive pathogens
  • White blood cells produce antibodies
  • White blood cells divide by mitosis
  • Memory cells remain for long-term immunity
• What are the implications of herd immunity in a population?

  • Protects unvaccinated individuals
  • Reduces disease spread
  • Requires high vaccination rates