science

• Body organs include the heart, stomach, intestines, lungs, kidneys, and brain
• the part inside the body are called organs
• Different organs work together to form organ systems
• The liver is an example of a body organ that is essential for living
• The heart is a special muscle that pumps blood through the body in a process called circulation
• The heart has two sides: the left side pumps oxygenated blood to the body, while the right side pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs
• Blood vessels run from the heart to the lungs, around the body, and back to the heart
• Blood carries food, oxygen, and waste products throughout the body
• The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood
• The heart pumps blood around the body to supply oxygen and nutrients to all parts of the body
• Blood carries oxygen to all parts of the body and removes waste products from different organs
• The heart beats about 90 times per minute and can be felt as a pulse
• Pulse is caused by the pressure of blood as the heart pumps it to the rest of the body
• Pulse can be felt on the side of the neck and inside the wrist
• Exercise can make the heart beat faster
• Pulse rate:

  • The telephone has a very low pulse rate of 30 beats per minute
  • The mouse has a very high pulse rate of 500 beats per minute
• Counting heartbeats:

  • You can count your heartbeats by feeling your pulse
  • Your pulse rate increases when you exercise
• Breathing:

  • Humans and animals use their lungs for breathing
  • Lungs are like stretchy sponges that fill up with air
  • When we breathe in, our chest gets bigger
  • When we breathe out, our chest gets smaller
  • We breathe in oxygen from the air and breathe out carbon dioxide
• Digestive system:

  • Food needs to be changed so that it can be used by the body
  • The digestive system changes food by breaking it down into tiny particles through digestion
  • The stomach and intestines digest the food
  • Digested food particles move into the blood and are carried to all parts of the body
• Kidneys:

  • Kidneys are bean-shaped organs located below the rib cage at the back of the body
  • Healthy kidneys filter the blood to remove waste products and excess water
  • The process of removing waste products from the body is called excretion
  • Kidneys excrete a liquid waste product called urine
  • The body produces about one litre of urine each day
  • If one kidney stops working, doctors can remove it and the body can still function with one healthy kidney
  • Some people need dialysis if their kidneys stop working, which is a machine that acts like a kidney to filter and clean the blood
• Brain and Nervous System:

  • The brain controls speech, balance, and sends nerve messages to muscles to make them move
  • The brain is a soft, grey, wrinkly organ inside the skull
  • It is responsible for learning, thinking, controlling muscles, and senses
  • The brain is connected to all parts of the body by nerves
  • Nerves send messages to and from the brain quickly all the time
  • The brain and nerves form the nervous system
  • Different parts of the brain have different functions
• The brain and nerves work together to form the nervous system
• Different parts of the brain have different jobs
• The brain controls everything we do
• The brain cannot repair itself
• The brain is protected by the skull
• The cerebrum changes nerve messages from your eyes into images that you see
• The cerebellum controls things you don't think about such as breathing, heartbeat, blinking, and sneezing
• The brain stem is important for breathing and controls
• The brain sends messages to and receives messages from other parts of the body
• It is important that these messages travel very quickly
• Concussion is a brain injury
• Food chains describe the feeding relationship between plants and animals
• Plants are unique because they produce their own food and are called producers
• Animals and humans cannot make their own food and are called consumers
• Plants make food in their leaves from sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide
• Plants need water to survive
• Plants in an unhealthy state without enough water will wither and not move food
• Investigate what plants need to survive and plan two investigations to show that plants need water and sunlight
• Predict what will happen to your plants before starting the investigations