Unit 2: Neurology

• The cerebral cortex is the outer layer of gray matter that covers most of the brain's hemispheres.
• What is A?

  dendrite

  
• What is B?


  soma

  
• What is C?

  nucleus

  
• What is D?

  axon

  
• What is E?


  myelin

  
• What is H?


  axon terminal

  
• Where is the frontal lobe?

  a

  A) a

  B) b

  C) c

  D) d

  E) e

  F) f

  
• What is the teal part?

  frontal lobe

  
• What is the purple part?

  parietal lobe

  
• What is the yellow part?

  temporal lobe

  
• What is the green part?

  occipital lobe

  
• What is the red part?

  cerebellum

  
• What is the blue part?

  brain stem

  
• What does the midbrain do? Where is it?

  sensory reflexes, movement, pain

  above pons
• What does the pons do? Where is it?

  manages sleep, arousal, facial expressions, and connects cerebellum to the rest of the brain

  above the medulla
• What is reticular formation? Where is it?

  mood, arousal, sleep, reflexes (breathing, sneezing, coughing, vomiting)

  from upper medulla into midbrain
• What is the medulla? Where is it?


  manages essential functions (heartbeat, breathing)

  merges with the spinal cord w/ axon bundles going to/from higher brain levels
• Central Nervous System (CNS)

  brain

  spinal chord
• Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

  Somatic Nervous System (SNS)

  Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
• Brain


  collection of neurons/other organs

  processing

  controlling input/output
• How many pairs of spinal nerves?

  31
• Spinal Cord


  sensory info from body -> central nervous system

  carry motor commands to muscles
• Where is SNS?

  Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
• What does the SNS do?

  carries messages from sensory organs to skeletal muscles

  controls voluntary behavior

  brings sensory input to CNS for further processing
• SNS Components

  31 pairs of spinal nerves

  12 pairs of cranial nerves
• Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) Function


  controls internal organs/glands

  homeostasis
• autonomic meaning


  self-governing
• 2 Branches of the ANS

  Sympathetic Branch

  Parasympathetic Branch
• Sympathetic Branch function

  Activates body (fight/flight)
• Parasympathetic Branch function

  Quiets body (storing energy)
• SNS and ANS

  Work together :)
• Neurons function

  process and transmit information
• Two branches of neurons

  axons

  dendrites
• axon


  neuron branch

  transmits information to other neurons
• action potential


  when/how signal is sent through axon
• myelin

  speeds up electrical transmission
• axon terminal has ______

  synaptic vesicles
• neurotransmitters

  chemical messengers transmitting signals between neurons
• dendrite


  neuron branch that receives input from other neurons