Quiz

    Cards (105)

    • Why are electron microscopes superior to light microscopes?
      They have a higher resolving power
    • What does a higher resolving power in electron microscopes enable?
      Visualization of finer details like cell organelles
    • In standard form, what is 5 micrometers converted to meters?
      55 *106 m 10^{-6} \text{ m}
    • What does the prefix "micro" mean in scientific notation?
      *106 10^{-6}
    • What three subcellular structures are exclusively found in plant cells?
      • Chloroplasts
      • Permanent vacuole
      • Cell wall
    • What is the function of chloroplasts in plant cells?
      Photosynthesis
    • What is the main function of the permanent vacuole in plant cells?
      Water and sap storage
    • What provides rigidity to the cell wall of plant cells?
      Cellulose
    • What is the key difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells regarding DNA location?
      Eukaryotic DNA is in the nucleus
    • Where is the DNA located in prokaryotic cells like bacteria?
      It is not found in a nucleus
    • What are the stages of mitosis?
      • Nucleus dissolves, genetic material duplicates
      • Chromosomes move to opposite sides
      • Organelles are duplicated
      • Cell divides into two identical diploid cells
    • What type of cells are produced at the end of mitosis?
      Two genetically identical diploid cells
    • How many chromosomes are present in human diploid cells?
      46
    • How many chromosomes are present in human haploid cells?
      23
    • Which type of human cells are haploid?
      Sperm and egg cells
    • What are the key differences between diffusion, osmosis, and active transport?
      • Diffusion: High to low concentration, passive.
      • Osmosis: Water diffusion across membrane, passive.
      • Active transport: Low to high concentration, requires energy.
    • What is the movement of particles from a high to low concentration called?
      Diffusion
    • What is the direction of movement of particles in diffusion?
      From high to low concentration
    • Is diffusion an active or passive process?
      Passive
    • What is osmosis?
      Diffusion of water across a membrane
    • Why does water move during osmosis?
      To balance solute concentrations
    • Which concentration gradient does water move towards in osmosis?
      Higher concentration of solute
    • How do water molecules enter root hair cells in a plant?
      By osmosis
    • What is active transport?
      Movement from low to high concentration
    • Does active transport require energy?
      Yes
    • How do minerals enter root hair cells, which already have a higher concentration than the soil?
      By active transport
    • What factors increase the rate of diffusion or osmosis?
      • Increased temperature
      • Increased concentration difference
      • Increased surface area
    • How does increasing temperature affect the rate of diffusion or osmosis?
      Particles move faster
    • How does an increased difference in concentration affect diffusion or osmosis?
      Increases the rate
    • How does increased surface area affect the rate of diffusion?
      Increases the rate
    • In the osmosis practical, how is the sugar concentration inside a potato determined from a graph?
      Interpolate where the line crosses x-axis
    • What does the x-intercept in the osmosis practical graph indicate?
      Concentration with no osmosis
    • Where is bile made and stored in the digestive system?
      Made by the liver, stored in gallbladder
    • What is the role of bile in the digestive system?
      Emulsifies lipids into small droplets
    • How does bile increase the rate of lipid breakdown?
      Increases their surface area
    • What enzymes break down lipids after they are emulsified by bile?
      Lipases
    • Where is amylase made in the human body?
      Salivary glands and pancreas
    • What does amylase break down?
      Starch into glucose
    • Where are villi located?
      Small intestine
    • What is the function of villi in the small intestine?
      Absorb nutrients into bloodstream
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