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Paper 1
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Cards (105)
Why are electron microscopes superior to light microscopes?
They have a higher
resolving power
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What does a higher resolving power in electron microscopes enable?
Visualization of
finer details
like cell organelles
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In standard form, what is 5 micrometers converted to meters?
5
∗
5 *
5
∗
1
0
−
6
m
10^{-6} \text{ m}
1
0
−
6
m
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What does the prefix "micro" mean in scientific notation?
∗
*
∗
1
0
−
6
10^{-6}
1
0
−
6
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What three subcellular structures are exclusively found in plant cells?
Chloroplasts
Permanent
vacuole
Cell wall
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What is the function of chloroplasts in plant cells?
Photosynthesis
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What is the main function of the permanent vacuole in plant cells?
Water and sap storage
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What provides rigidity to the cell wall of plant cells?
Cellulose
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What is the key difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells regarding DNA location?
Eukaryotic DNA is in the
nucleus
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Where is the DNA located in prokaryotic cells like bacteria?
It is
not
found
in a
nucleus
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What are the stages of mitosis?
Nucleus
dissolves,
genetic material
duplicates
Chromosomes move to opposite sides
Organelles are duplicated
Cell divides into two identical
diploid
cells
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What type of cells are produced at the end of mitosis?
Two
genetically
identical
diploid
cells
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How many chromosomes are present in human diploid cells?
46
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How many chromosomes are present in human haploid cells?
23
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Which type of human cells are haploid?
Sperm
and
egg
cells
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What are the key differences between diffusion, osmosis, and active transport?
Diffusion: High to low
concentration
,
passive
.
Osmosis: Water diffusion across membrane, passive.
Active transport: Low to high concentration, requires
energy
.
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What is the movement of particles from a high to low concentration called?
Diffusion
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What is the direction of movement of particles in diffusion?
From high to low
concentration
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Is diffusion an active or passive process?
Passive
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What is osmosis?
Diffusion of water across a
membrane
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Why does water move during osmosis?
To balance
solute concentrations
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Which concentration gradient does water move towards in osmosis?
Higher concentration of solute
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How do water molecules enter root hair cells in a plant?
By
osmosis
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What is active transport?
Movement from low to high
concentration
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Does active transport require energy?
Yes
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How do minerals enter root hair cells, which already have a higher concentration than the soil?
By
active transport
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What factors increase the rate of diffusion or osmosis?
Increased
temperature
Increased
concentration difference
Increased
surface area
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How does increasing temperature affect the rate of diffusion or osmosis?
Particles
move faster
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How does an increased difference in concentration affect diffusion or osmosis?
Increases
the
rate
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How does increased surface area affect the rate of diffusion?
Increases
the rate
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In the osmosis practical, how is the sugar concentration inside a potato determined from a graph?
Interpolate
where the line crosses x-axis
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What does the x-intercept in the osmosis practical graph indicate?
Concentration
with no osmosis
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Where is bile made and stored in the digestive system?
Made by the
liver
, stored in
gallbladder
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What is the role of bile in the digestive system?
Emulsifies
lipids
into small droplets
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How does bile increase the rate of lipid breakdown?
Increases their
surface area
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What enzymes break down lipids after they are emulsified by bile?
Lipases
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Where is amylase made in the human body?
Salivary glands
and
pancreas
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What does amylase break down?
Starch
into
glucose
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Where are villi located?
Small intestine
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What is the function of villi in the small intestine?
Absorb nutrients into
bloodstream
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