Circulatory System- Blood

• Blood consists of four main components: red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma
• Red blood cells make up almost half of our blood by volume.
• The primary role of red blood cells is to carry oxygen from the lungs to the body's tissues
• What red pigment in red blood cells combines with oxygen?

  Hemoglobin
• Red blood cells release oxygen in tissues after oxyhemoglobin splits into hemoglobin and oxygen.
• Red blood cells lack a nucleus to provide more space for hemoglobin.
• What shape are red blood cells adapted to increase surface area for oxygen absorption?

  Biconcave disc
• White blood cells make up less than 1% of blood volume but are essential for the immune system.
• Match the defense mechanism of white blood cells with its description:

  Phagocytosis ↔️ Engulfs microorganisms

  Antibodies ↔️ Binds to pathogens

  Antitoxins ↔️ Neutralizes toxins
• Unlike red blood cells, white blood cells have a nucleus
• What are platelets?

  Cell fragments
• Platelets have a nucleus.

  False
• Platelets initiate blood clotting by rushing to the site of a cut
• What is the process called when platelets seal a wound to stop bleeding?

  Clotting
• Plasma makes up just over half of the blood's volume.
• Plasma is a pale straw-colored liquid
• What are some nutrients carried by plasma?

  Glucose and amino acids
• Steps in blood clotting

  1️⃣ Platelets rush to the wound

  2️⃣ Platelets act like glue

  3️⃣ Clot forms to seal the cut
• How much blood does the average adult have in their circulatory system?

  5 liters
• Artificial blood is made of salt water
• Artificial blood can transport oxygen as efficiently as real blood.

  False
• What is the main benefit of artificial blood?

  Adds volume to system
• Blood transfusions use real blood donated by donors
• Blood transfusions provide red blood cells, which artificial blood lacks.
• What is the key to surviving significant blood loss?

  Red blood cells