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Sensation And Perception
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What is sensation?
Information picked up by
senses
How does perception differ from sensation?
Perception interprets
sensory
inputs meaningfully
What are the key differences between sensation and perception?
Sensation
: Detection of
stimuli
Perception
: Interpretation of stimuli
Sensation: Not consciously experienced
Perception: Consciously experienced
Sensation: Involves
sensory receptors
Perception: Involves brain processing
What initiates bottom-up processing?
Raw
sensory data
What does top-down processing rely on?
Knowledge
and expectations
How does top-down processing work when reading?
It anticipates words based on
context
How do bottom-up and top-down processing work together?
Bottom-up: Starts with
sensory data
Top-down: Uses knowledge for interpretation
Together: Create complete understanding
What is a common feature of sensory systems?
Discrimination
What does discrimination in sensory systems allow?
Ability to differentiate between
sensations
What is the threshold for activation?
Minimum
stimulus intensity
needed to sense
What is the absolute threshold?
Lowest
stimulus intensity
detectable
50%
of time
What is the difference threshold?
Smallest change in
stimulus intensity
noticeable
What are the types of thresholds in sensory systems?
Absolute threshold
: Lowest intensity detectable
Difference threshold
: Smallest change noticeable
What is transduction in sensory processing?
Conversion of stimuli into
electrical signals
What role does transduction play in sensory processing?
It converts
stimuli
for brain interpretation
How does transduction vary across senses?
Vision
:
Light waves
to
electrical signals
Hearing: Sound waves to electrical signals
Taste: Chemicals to electrical signals
Smell: Odor molecules to electrical signals
Touch: Pressure/temperature to electrical signals
What is sensory adaptation?
Reduced sensitivity to constant
stimuli
over time
What are the two main types of sensory receptors?
Tonic
and
phasic
receptors
How do tonic receptors respond to stimuli?
Slowly and
adapt
little
How do phasic receptors respond to stimuli?
Quickly and adapt
rapidly
What is the importance of sensory discrimination?
Allows understanding of
environment
Enables appropriate reactions to
stimuli
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