Red shift - when the wavelength of the light is stretched, so the light is seen as 'shifted' towards the red part of the spectrum
Blue shift - when the wavelength of the light is compressed, so the light is seen as 'shifted' towards the blue part of the spectrum.
The more red-shifted the light from a galaxy is, the faster the galaxy is moving away from Earth.
about 13.8 billion years ago the whole Universe was a very small, extremely hot and dense region. From this tiny point, the whole Universe expanded outwards to what exists today.
the further away the galaxies are, the faster they are moving
Dark matter makes up about 27% of the total mass of the universe.
Dark energy makes up about 68% of the total mass of the universe.