BIO 2.1

• moves water through sponge

  flagellum
• carry food particles to epidermal cells

  amoebocytes
• made of spongin, silica, or calcium carbonate

  spicules
• male gamete

  sperm
• female gamete

  egg
• having both male and female organs

  hermaphroditic
• larva changing to an adult animal

  metamorphosis
• one form of asexual reproduction

  budding
• used to cultivate sponges commercially

  regeneration
• person who studies ancient organisms

  paleontologist
• Invertebrates do not have a backbone.
• Some sponge skeletons are made of tough, flexible protein called spongin.
• Sponges belong to the phylum Porifera.
• All sponges are sessile,
• The tallest sponges are found in water that is calm.
• The outer cell layer of a sponge is the epidermis.
• The type of cell in the epidermis that has a central hole is the porocyte cell.
• Sponges have at least one main epidermal excurrent pore called an osculum.
• The jellylike material underneath the epidermis is mesenchyme.
• Each collar cell has a flagellum.
• A type of cell not found in sponges is ectodermal.
• Sponges can be grouped according to the complexity of their canal.
• Gametes unite to form a zygote.
• What are the two body forms of coelenterates?

  polyp and medusa
• What is the difference between polyps and medusas?

  Polyps are sessile; medusas are free-swimming
• In coelenterates, both the digestive and circulatory functions take place in the gastrovascular cavity.
• Food particles diffuse through the cell wall to get inside the cell.
• The cell converts nutrients into energy during metabolism.
• Respiration and excretion take place through the cell walls by diffusion.
• During most of the year, hydras reproduce by budding, which is a form of asexual reproduction.
• Sperm develop in glands called testes.
• Eggs develop in glands called ovaries.
• Both polyp and medusa forms exist during the life cycle of the aurelia.
• Most mollusks have a rasping, tonguelike structure called a radula.
• Enzymes which break down protein would be found in mollusks that are carnivorous.
• Mollusks that breathe by using gills are aquatic.
• fresh-water hydrozoan

  hydra
• floating polyp colony

  Portuguese man-of-war
• means "cup animal"

  Scyphozoa
• means "flower animal"

  Anthozoa