Chapter 2-3

• Spain divided its american empire into 2 provinces- new spain and peru
• bartholome de los casas- spaniard who fought for native american rights " protector of the indians"
• missions- convert native americans to christianity & increased spanish control over land
• missions helped with supply of food & protection against enemies
• native americans developed skills such as reading, writing, carpentry & metalworking
• columbian exchange - movement of living thigs between hemispheres *leading to the transfer of germs
• Potato and corn became part of european diet -> increase in european population * because of the columbian exchange
• hierarchy in spanish colonies - spanish born, creoles, mestizos, native american & ensalved africans
• haciendas and ecomiendas put power & land to the hands of a few people
• haciendas- provide food for the colony ( grow cash crops)
• encomiendas- forced native american labor * helped the spanish become more productive