Hydrogen bonding effects

• What is an electronegative atom?

  Atom that attracts electrons
• Steps in the formation of a hydrogen bond between water molecules

  1️⃣ The oxygen atom becomes partially negative and hydrogen becomes partially positive.

  2️⃣ The positive hydrogen of one molecule is attracted to the negative oxygen of another.

  3️⃣ A hydrogen bond forms between the molecules.
• What is a hydrogen bond?

  Weak attraction between atoms
• What is cohesion in water?

  Water molecules stick together
• Match the biological system with the role of hydrogen bonds:

  Protein Structure ↔️ Stabilizes secondary and tertiary structure

  DNA Replication ↔️ Connects DNA strands

  Enzyme Function ↔️ Binds substrates to enzymes
• Why does water expand when freezing?

  Hydrogen bonds form a rigid structure