Creation of an empire

• Babur defeated Lodi in first battle of panipat
• Son of Humayun is Akbar
• Murshid Quli Khan was the governor of Bengal
• Akbar introduced religious tolerance by allowing people from different religions to practice their own religion without fear or persecution.
• Akbar's empire included parts of India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran, Central Asia, and Tibet.
• Everyone expect Maharana Pratap, Udai Sighs son surrended to Akbar
• Ibadat Khana: Akbar built the Ibadat Khana, meaning House of worship
• Din-i-Ilahi: A religion founded by Akbar, meaning 'Divine faith'
• Dagh-wa-Chehra: Akbar branded horses and prepared rolls with descriptions of men. Dagh means branding horses to prevent substitution and Chehra means a full description of each soldier
• Mir Bakshi: Head of Military Department
• Faujdar: Military commanders
• Jagir: Mansabdars were paid in the form of land grants called Jagir
• Akbaarnama: The official chronicle of the reign of Akbar, authored by Abu'l Fazl
• Baburnama: The memoirs of Muhammad Babur, founder of the Mughal Empire
• Diwan-i-Khas: The private audience hall where meetings were held with senior officers
• First battle of Panipat (1526): Marked the end of the Delhi Sultanate and established Mughal rule in India
• Babur: Founded the Mughal Empire, defeated Ibrahim Lodhi in the first battle of Panipat in 1526, expanded his empire from Kabul to present-day Bihar
• Major achievements of Sher Shah Suri: Skilled administrator, established law and order, promoted trade and commerce, extended the Sadak-I-Azam road, reformed the currency system
• Akbar's provincial administration: Mughal empire divided into provinces called Subas, divided into Sarkars (Districts), consisted of Parganas (Several Villages)
• Relationship between Jahangir and Sikhs: Strained due to Jahangir executing Sikh guru Arjan Dev
• Dashala system: Land revenue administration reformed by Akbar and Todar Mal, based on the average product and prices of crops, eased burden on farmers
• Central administration under Akbar: Highly centralized, powers lay in the hands of the Emperor, assisted by ministers like Wazir, Diwan, Mir Bakshi, Mir Saman, Qazi, and Sadr
• Causes for the downfall of the Mughal Empire: Empire became too large, wars depleted the treasury, nobles became stronger, weak later Mughal rulers
• Akbar's religious policy: Followed religious tolerance, abolished Jizyah tax, founded Din-i-Ilahi, emphasized qualities like kindness, piety, prudence, and tolerance
• Akbar's Rajput policy: Established ties of marriage with Rajput kingdoms, appointed Rajput nobles to high ranks, treated them with respect
• Jahangir consolidating the empire: Crushed Afghan rebellions, ended conflict with Mewar, brought Ahmednagar under Mughal control
• Mansabdari system introduced by Akbar: Rank-based system for officers, paid in land grants called Jagirs, required to maintain soldiers and horses
• Babur became ruler of Fargana in Central Asia
• Babur conquered Kabul in 1504 C.E
• Babur used a field of artillery, gunpowder and superior military to defeat Lodi
• Babur defeated Rana Sanga, ruler of Mewar in First battle of Khanwa in 1527 CE, This victory firmly established Mughal rule in india
• Battle of Ghaghra was in 1529 C.E
• Baburs son was Humayun
• Humayun faced opposition from Sher Khan who is governer of Bihar, Bahadur Shah of Gujarat and his own brothers
• Humayun defeated Bahadur Shah and took over Malwa and Gujarat
• Sher Khan defeated Humayun in the Battle of Chausa 1539 and Battle of Kannauj in 1540
• Sher Shah focused on consolidating his empire which extended from Brahmaputra and Bengal in the east to River indus in the west
• Sher Khan was a great builder and patron of art and architecture
• Akbar was placed under guidance of Bairam Khan
• In 1556 Mughal Forces under Akbar defeated Adil Shah in second battle of Panipat and took control over Agra, Delhi, Ajmer, and Gwalior