Cognitive Approach

• What is the cognitive approach?

  -Studies mental processes or internal thinking.

  -Studies the mind  as an information processor with inputs, processing, storage and outputs.
• What are computer models?

  The process of using computer analogies as a representation of human thinking.
• What are theoretical models?

  They try to explain the way our mental processes work. They are simplified representations based on current research.
• What are schemas?

  Cognitive frameworks that we have developed through experiences. Help us to understand how to respond appropriately to a situation and enable us to process lots of information quickly.
• What is cognitive neuroscience?

  -The scientific study of the influence of brain structures on mental processes.

  -Uses methods such as fMRI and PET scans, showing which parts of the brain are active during different tasks.
• Cognitive research methods:

  -Lab experiments

  -Case studies

  -Bran scanning
• Supporting evidence: Jacobs (1887)

  -Lab study-digit span task showed that capacity of STM is 7 +/- 2.

  -Therefore, this research demonstrates how internal mental processes such as capacity can be scientifically studied and measured.
• Evaluation: Research methods

  -Use of lab experiments-High degree of control, meaning cause and effect can be established.

  -However, can be criticised for artificial tasks used in research, so therefore lacks ecological validity.
• Strength: Application to real life

  -Cognitive Interview-Gathers more accurate recollections by reducing the influence of schemas.

  -Treatment for depression-CBT focuses on challenging faulty thinking.
• Evaluation: Debates

  Holism vs reductionism: The cognitive approach is reductionist due to its emphasis on computer models, which doesn’t account for emotions.