weak topics!!!!

• What do light microscopes use to see cells?

  Light
• What can electron microscopes see that light microscopes cannot?

  Internal structure of mitochondria and chloroplasts
• What is the formula for magnification?

  Magnification = image size / real size
• What is the main part of the optical microscope where the slide is placed?

  The stage
• What is the function of the lamp in an optical microscope?

  It illuminates the microscope slide
• What is used in some optical microscopes instead of a lamp?

  A mirror
• What are the objective lenses used for in an optical microscope?

  To magnify the specimen being viewed
• What is the purpose of the coarse focusing dial?

  To adjust the distance between the lens and slide
• Why should you look at the microscope from the side while adjusting the objective lens?

  To avoid damaging the slide
• What should you do after positioning the objective lens close to the slide?

  Look through the eyepiece and adjust focus
• How do you bring the cells into clear focus after adjusting the coarse focus?

  Use the fine focusing dial
• How do you calculate the total magnification of a microscope?

  Multiply eyepiece magnification by objective magnification
• What is the total magnification when using a ten times eyepiece and a four times objective lens?

  $40 \text{ times}$
• What should you do after selecting a higher power objective lens?

  Adjust the fine focusing dial again
• What can you see when observing animal cells under an optical microscope?

  Nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane
• What additional structures can be seen in plant cells under an optical microscope?

  Cell wall, vacuole, and chloroplasts
• What should be included in a drawing of observed cells?

  • Clear labeled drawing of cells
  • Magnification scale
  • Diameter of field of view in mm
• What is the role of the clips on the stage of a microscope?

  To hold the slide in place
• Why is it important to use a pencil for labeling drawings?

  Pencil allows for clear, precise labeling
• What are the limitations of detail visible under an optical microscope?

  Limited detail, cannot see organelles
• How do you create a scale bar in your drawing?

  Measure diameter of field of view
• An electron microscope has much higher magnification and resolving power than a light microscope. This means that it can be used to study cells in much finer detail
• What are used to study cells?

  Microscopes
• How do light microscopes form an image?

  They use light and lenses
• What can light microscopes let us see?

  Individual cells and large subcellular structures
• What do electron microscopes use to form an image?

  Electrons instead of light
• How does the magnification of electron microscopes compare to light microscopes?

  They have a higher magnification
• What advantage do electron microscopes have over light microscopes?

  Higher resolution for sharper images
• What can electron microscopes help us see in detail?

  The internal structure of mitochondria and chloroplasts
• What is the formula for magnification?

  Magnification = image size divided by real size
• What are the steps to prepare a slide for a light microscope?

  1. Add a drop of water to a slide
  2. Cut and separate onion layers
  3. Place epidermal tissue in water
  4. Add a drop of iodine solution
  5. Place a cover slip on top
• What are the steps to use a light microscope to look at a slide?

  1. Clip the slide onto the stage
  2. Select the lowest-powered objective lens
  3. Use coarse adjustment to move stage up
  4. Look down the eyepiece and adjust focus
  5. Use fine adjustment for a clear image
  6. Swap to a higher-powered lens if needed